Cloud Control System Architectures, Technologies and Applications on Intelligent and Connected Vehicles: a Review
s10033-021-00638-4
| Topic
|
DSRC 802.11p | |
|
C-V2X Rel. 14/15 | ||
|
Origin |
WiFi |
LTE uplink |
|
Roadmap |
802.11: targets interoperability with 802.11p |
C-V2X Rel. 16 based on NR(5G). Operates in a different channel than Rel. 14/15 |
|
Deployment |
Since 2017. Mass market in 2019 |
Initial deployment in 2021 |
|
Cellular Connectivity |
Self managed |
Cellular operators can optionally apply theoretical real-time control for higher network utilization |
|
Modulation |
OFDM |
SC-FDM |
|
Concurrent Transmissions |
No |
Yes |
|
Line Coding |
Convolution code |
Turbo code |
|
Transmission Scheduling |
CSMA |
Semi-persistent sensing of least occupied resource |
|
Time Synchronization |
Loose Asynchronous |
Very tight Synchronous requirements |
a sensor but also a communication pipeline to exchange data between vehicles and cloud control platform. Moreover, in order to achieve a fully coordinated driving experience, more data is required to be exchanged anytime between cloud control platform and densely distributed nodes in the future. The current V2X technologies will face several new challenges in this situation, such as extreme throughput requirement, edgeless connectivity, lower end-to-end latency, and higher reliability with larger failure tolerance [187]. To overcome these challenges, advanced antenna techniques, more flexible ways of connect, multi-connectivity mechanism and new frame structure design need to be investigated.
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