Communication (Journalism) Honours Thesis at Deakin University, Australia Faculty of Arts and Education June
How Behrouz Boochani Found his Voice in the Manus Island Camp
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Dissident Iranian Journalists are not We
How Behrouz Boochani Found his Voice in the Manus Island Camp
Australia's refugee law changed only four days before Behrouz Boochani arrived by boat at Christmas Island (Boochani 2018). According to a new law announced by the Rudd-led Government on July 19, 2013, no refugees who arrived by boat were allowed to stay on Australia's mainland. They all had to be transferred from Christmas Island to Manus Island in Papua New Guinea or to Nauru. As a result, Behrouz Boochani, along with a handful of other asylum seekers, became the first group of refugees who were transferred to Manus Island (Boochani 2018). Behrouz’s first Facebook message about Australia’s treatment of refugees on Manus was published on August 9, 2014, almost a year later,. It only attracted 2 likes and zero comments. Most of his posts in 2014 were about the political situations in Iran and Kurdistan and written in Persian or Kurdish. However, in 2015, he began to write in English and post a report or picture of the situation for the refugees on Manus Island. These posts were the result of his observations from inside the camps. For example, on 11 November 2015, he posted: I took this photo at Fox Camp before the hunger strike in January. In the middle of a dark night, one of the asylum seekers wrote it on the wall of the toilet with his blood. There are many asylum seekers on Manus who cut themselves with a razor In the photo, someone with blood wrote: ‘Fuk Toni Aboud’. ( He meant Toni Aboutt the Prime Minister of Australia from 2013 to 2015). This post had 28 likes and sad emojis, 2 comments and 6 shares. Wasted Lives 22 His Facebook page - which at first was only viewed by friends, colleagues, and relatives in Iran - soon became the focus for human rights activists, academics, refugee supporters, journalists, and news enthusiasts in Australia and around the world (for example, Janet Galbraith, Arnold Zable, Nikos Papastergiadis, Gary Foley, Omid Tofighian, Arash Sarvestani, and many more). He soon became the solo voice from Manus Island who was heard by many people. His Facebook page attracted 5,000 friends, the maximum number of friends for this particular type of Facebook profile page. In 2017 he opened a different type of page on Facebook which had no limit to the number of friends. This page attracted more than 12,000 people as followers. At the same time, he started a Twitter account which now has more than 37,000 followers. Through Twitter and Facebook, Behrouz reported almost every problem in the camps. These included inadequate food in terms of quantity and nutritional value, the lack of medicine, systematic humiliation by - and insults from - security officers, the impact of closing the Manus refugees camp, 23 days of clashes between refugees and security forces as a consequence of closing the Manus camps, conflicts between refugees, incidence of self-harm amongst the refugees, attacks on refugees by local people, and even murder. For example, on March 17, 2019, he posted to his Twitter account: Totally hypocritical Australian politicians pretend to be humanitarian over past few days while just today an innocent refugee on Manus Island has attempted suicide. Australia has held this man hostage for six years and completely destroyed his life ’. #auspol Behrouz tweeted many times about the lack of medicine in Manus and Nauru camps. When a Bill to allow sick refugees to be transferred to mainland Australia for medical treatment was introduced to the Australian parliament in 2019, Behrouz and the rest of the refugees followed the parliamentary processes and the vote on that Bill closely until the parliament finally passed it. He tweeted on February 12, 2019: Sick refugees on Manus & Nauru are watching Australian parliament and following the news very closely. It ’s your human and moral responsibility, pass the medical transfer bill and let these people receive medical treatment. It’s their basic human right. #Auspol On February 16, 2019, Behrouz remembered the murder of one of the Iranian refugees, Reza Barati, by security guards five years earlier: The refugee Reza Barati was killed on this very day, 17th Feb 2014. He was murdered by two Australian and two local officers. Aus never allowed the PNG court to trial the Australian officers but the local guards were jailed for a few years and then released Numerous research articles have examined the destructive and dangerous impacts of social media (for example, Florea M, 2013, ‘Media Violence and the Cathartic Effect’, or Murat and Wasted Lives 23 Mengu, 2015, ‘Violence and social media’). However, Behrouz Boochani's use of social media is an excellent example of how it can be a positive force for good in raising public awareness of social justice and human rights abuses. The social media in general, and writing more specifically, have once again been instrumental in bringing the voice of the oppressed to the wider public and being instrumental in bringing about change. Behrouz Boochani published his first novel No Friend but the Mountains while he was inside Manus Camp in 2018; this was a Picador publication in Australia. The book is a novel based on the true stories that he and other refugees in the camp witnessed. In an interview with Pen America (Pen is an international association supporting writers) about his novel, Behrouz Boochani said on April 16, 2018: ‘Writing always helps me to redefine myself as a kind of human who makes a stand against a system that has constantly been trying to humiliate me and to take my identity ’. In another interview with Arnold Zable for Scottish Pen on November 18, 2018, Behrouz noted: I would like to say that I understand this book (No Friends but the Mountains) as a victory against a system that is designed to take our humanity. I don’t remember exactly when I started to write the first words but I remember that I thought my writing of this time was like a mission and duty … to make readers aware of this prison camp. I imagined there would be unknown readers from around the world … That’s why I wrote it in a literary language. Not only for this historical period or those people who are involved in this plight … I wrote this book so that it extends beyond geographical bounds and generational imaginaries. Behrouz Boochani has directed a movie with an Iranian associate, Arash Kamali Sarvestani. The movie was called Chauka Please Tell us the Time. The movie was also shot by Behrouz through his mobile phone from inside the camps. This movie was released in 2017, and it is evidence of how refugees are abused, and violence is endured, inside the Manus Camp. The movie was released in many film festivals including Sydney, Darwin, Adelaide, Canberra, London, Berlin, and Gothenburg. There is a unique relationship between humanity and art in that only a piece of art can evoke the sense of what has occurred as Behrouz has done in his book and film. Reading Behrouz’s novel No Friend but the Mountains, and watching his movie Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time, reminds us that art matters because it can change how we think and it can also change the way we live. Ruth McHugh-Dillon in Right Now (a human rights group in Australia) in his review titled: ‘Systems of Oppression: a review of No Friend But the Wasted Lives 24 Mountains ’ goes further and suggests that creativity is not just a way to express thoughts and emotions for Behrouz, but it is the only way to survive: Creativity, Boochani has come to understand, is the only way to survive a hell like Manus Prison…Boochani’s own creativity is urgent: his latest work forges a critical, courageous and compassionate link between Australia and the men on Manus, ensuring that they cannot be erased. In sum, knowledge is power, and today no one denies the importance of books and movies as a form of art as well as social media in the distribution of information, knowledge, and social- political consciousness. Social media, in its most basic form, extends the relationships between individuals across the world and, in its most complex form, is the catalyst of great social, economic, and political movements and change. Some examples of the impact of social media is the Arab Spring in 2010 (anti-government rebellion across the Middle East and North Africa) and the Green Movement (previously discussed) in 2009. Books and films, as a means of transferring knowledge, have also had significant impacts on social and cultural change. In Australia, the case of Behrouz Boochani who used all forms of book, film, and social media to spread his voice is a clear example of the effective role of art and social media in delivering the voice of isolated people from the community to the ears of the larger society. Download 326.44 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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