Comprehension Passages

15- We learn from the passage that rockets …….. .
A) have only been used in war and in space
B) have a maximum range of 1.800 metres
C) always have a destructive purpose
D) are also used by ships to call for help
E) are no longer used in war in any way

Aspirin, the most common pain relieves known today, was first produced commercially in 1899. The Bayer AG, now of Leverskin. Germany, manufactured Aspirin in powder form. Aspirin, a trade name, or acetylsalicylic acid, however. had first been synthesised In 1853 by Karl Gerhardt, an Alsatian chemist. Unfortunately, its value as a pain reliever was not recognised until 1899, when Heinrich Dresser published a paper about its effectiveness. Thereafter, Dr. Felix Hoffman, who worked for Bayer, succeeded in manufacturing it in a form pure enough to be used as a medical remedy. First available only on a limited scale as a prescription medicine in Germany. Aspirin gained wide usage when Bayer began retailing it in tablet form in

1915.

16-According to the passage, acetylsalicylic acid, or Aspirin …… .

A) was first sold in powder form
B) was invented in Germany in 1899
C) was sold to the public in 1853
D) was perfected in 1915
E) was originally produced in pill form

17- It's clear from the passage that Aspirin's medical value

A) was made known by Heinrich Dresser
B) was available to the public from 1853
C) was publicised by Karl Gerhardt
D) led to the creation of a newspaper
E) as a painkiller was widely recognised in 1853

18- The author states that Aspirin……… .

A) has been available in tablet form since 1899
B)became popular worldwide In 1899
C) was first sold by Bayer in 1915
D)was Initially only available after seeing a doctor
E) was commonly used in Germany prior to 1915

The Sahara desert in north Africa stretches eastwards from the Atlantic to the Red Sea and southwards from the Mediterranean to the grasslands and tropical forests of equatorial Africa. It has an area of about 8 million square kilometres and is the world's largest desert region. The world’s highest temperatures have been recorded in the Western Sahara. The traditional inhabitants have been the nomadic Berbers and Arabs moving from oasis to oasis: but vast areas remain totally uninhabited. There is the evidence of recent severe draughts in parts of Nigeria and neighbouring countries to suggest that the Sahara is expanding southwards. On the other hand, there are plans to irrigate some areas; also, the desert has valuable deposits of oil, iron ore phosphates and uranium.

19- The passage tells us that the Sahara desert …… .

A) contains grasslands and tropical forests
B) is between two oceans to the east and west
C) lies to the south of equatorial Africa
D) covers one eighth of Africa
E) has the Red Sea on its eastern boundary

20- The Berbers and the Arabs of the Sahara …….. .

A) have established major settlements there
B) moved to the area in fairly recent times
C) fight over the right to settle in oasis areas
D) inhabit most areas of the Sahara desert
E) have not settled In the desert but moved around

21- We can assume from the passage that the Sahara may prove useful in the future because…… .

A) It is growing and expanding towards the south
B) there are large amounts of necessary minerals there
C) it may be uniting with Nigeria and other countries
D) it may be used to irrigate neighbouring countries
E) it will probably continue to remain uninhabited

Relativity is the name for two theories of physics presented by Albert Einstein in 1905 and 1915 respectively, as the Special and General Theories of Relativity. Through them he showed that speed and position are relative things and that there are no absolute measurements for time and space. He also stated that matter and energy are interchangeable, a concept that has had considerable bearing on the development of nuclear physics. In this century, Einstein's Theories of Relativity have revolutionised ideas about the nature of matter and the universe, as Sir Isaac Newton's laws of gravity had done to scientific thinking two centuries earlier.

22- According to the passage, Einstein's theories state that…………. .

A) there are no definite ways to determine time or location

B) things can be measured by either special or general means
C) how fast something goes, and where it is, are fixed values
D) before 1905, scientists looked at the universe in the wrong way
E) there's simply no point in worrying about either time or space
23- As stated in the passage, Einstein claimed that…………. .

A) matter and energy are really exactly the same thing

B) nobody really knows the true nature of matter
C) nuclear energy is definitely the best form of energy
D) the true nature of energy doesn’t really matter
E) matter and energy can be changed into each other
24- The passage suggest that Newton and Einstein ………… .

A) greatly influenced each other and their respective theories

B) have each had profound influence on modern scientific thought
C) were respectful to each other's theories
D) suffered a great deal due to their revolutionary ideas
E) offer distinct theories in direct contradiction to each other
Native Americans are often called “Indians”. This is one result of Columbus’s mistaken belief that he had landed in India. His successors passed down many other inaccurate descriptions of the Native Americans. They were described as savages, though it was whites who slaughtered hundreds of thousands of them. They were called lazy, although it was whites who forced them to give up their traditional occupations. These false ideas about Native Americans were strengthened by the ways whites described themselves. White settlers were known as .'pioneers' though they were really invaders and thieves; when they stole the Native Americans' land, it was called "home steading". not robbery.