Computer Science Teacher Professional Development: Towards a Research Agenda on Teacher Thinking and Learning
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- Conference Paper · November 2017 DOI: 10.1145/3137065.3137066 CITATIONS 8 READS 303 1 author
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320885144 Computer Science Teacher Professional Development: Towards a Research Agenda on Teacher Thinking and Learning Conference Paper · November 2017 DOI: 10.1145/3137065.3137066 CITATIONS 8 READS 303 1 author: Aman Yadav Michigan State University 139 PUBLICATIONS 5,169 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Aman Yadav on 04 January 2022. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Computer Science Teacher Professional Development: Towards a Research Agenda on Teacher Thinking and Learning Extended Abstract Aman Yadav Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan, USA ayadav@msu.edu ABSTRACT The growing demand for qualified computer science teachers re- quires us to develop scalable professional development and teacher training opportunities that don’t require extensive human, financial, and time resources. In this talk, I will discuss how teachers from varied teaching background and computing experiences engage with online professional development materials. I will discuss the findings in the context of prior teacher education literature and how that can inform the design of professional development for training beginning computer science teachers. CCS CONCEPTS • Social and professional topics → K-12 education; • Applied computing → Education; Distance learning; KEYWORDS Professional Development, Teachers, Self-efficacy ACM Reference Format: Aman Yadav. 2017. Computer Science Teacher Professional Development: Towards a Research Agenda on Teacher Thinking and Learning: Extended Abstract. In Proceedings of WiPSCE ’17. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3137065.3137066 1 INTRODUCTION Teaching is a complex and ill-structured domain that involves ’not one well-defined issue but many ill-defined issues, intertwined like the fibers of a thick rope’ [6] and requires teachers to draw upon many different kinds of knowledge and belief systems. As such teachers need to ’become adaptive experts who are prepared for effective lifelong learning that allows them to continuously add to their knowledge’ [2]. Adaptive expertise requires ability to think effectively and use knowledge flexibly in new and challenging situations, which makes teaching an ideal domain that requires helping teachers develop as lifelong learners with deep and flexible knowledge [2]. This is even more true for a field like computer science where the young discipline is continually developing and Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org. WiPSCE ’17, November 8–10, 2017, Nijmegen, Netherlands © 2017 Association for Computing Machinery. ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-5428-8/17/11...$15.00 https://doi.org/10.1145/3137065.3137066 changing at a fast pace [5]. Hence, computer science teachers need to be adaptive experts with a deep understanding and knowledge of computer science as well as the ability to effectively deliver that knowledge to students. The growing demand for computer science in primary and sec- ondary education means that we need to train thousands of new teachers to teach computer science. However, training teachers through traditional teacher preparation programs is challenging (at least in the United States) as highlighted the report Bugs in the System [3]. As such training existing teachers from other subject areas to teach computer science through intensive professional development has become the primary mechanism to prepare teach- ers to teach computing in schools. However, these teachers face a number of challenges that are unique to teaching computer science, including limited CS pedagogical content knowledge, feeling of isolation, and lack of just-in-time professional development needed for a rapidly changing field [7]. These challenges raise many questions for computer science education researchers, including how to support teachers from other subjects to teach CS and how to deliver relevant content to teachers in a timely manner that goes beyond one-and-done pro- fessional development workshops, which often lack any follow-up activities. Just-in-time professional development for in-service com- puter science teachers could play an important role in improving teaching practices. Historically, professional development has taken many forms, including in-service workshops and in-class coaching. However, given the need for extensive human, financial, and time resources, traditional professional development approaches are not directly scalable to meet the growing demand for computer science teachers. In addition, we know that ’one and done’ professional development workshops without structured ongoing engagement have limited success [7]. 2 LESSONS FROM ONLINE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Advances in technology have brought sophisticated methods for de- livering professional development for teacher’s instructional strate- gies. They reduce the constraints of finances, time, and staffing. One of the ways to deliver professional development is using online tools to advance teacher’s learning. Increasingly, teachers are using online tools to support their instructional needs and as a vehicle for additional training [1]. Researchers have advocated online profes- sional development because of its potential to increase pedagogical WiPSCE ’17, November 8–10, 2017, Nijmegen, Netherlands A. Yadav content knowledge, sustainability, and scalability. In addition, on- line delivery fits within teacher’s schedules and increases their ability to network with other teachers [4]. We developed an online just-in-time professional development approach (PD4CS) to enhance traditional face-to-face professional development experience. In this talk, I will present an investigation of how teachers with different teaching and computing backgrounds teaching computer science for the first time used PD4CS materials. Not surprisingly, we found that experienced CS teachers used online PD materials on a limited basis; however, novice-CS teachers used PD materials that focused on developing their pedagogical content knowledge and teachers with no CS background primarily used CS content knowledge PD materials. I will present the findings in the context of prior teacher education literature and how that can inform the design of professional development for training beginning computer science teachers. I will discuss implications and recommendations for supporting teacher learning in computer science. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number 1502462. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. REFERENCES [1] Elaine Allen and Jeff Seaman. 2010. Learning on Demand: Online Education in the United States, 2009 . Technical Report. The Sloan Consortium. [2] John Bransford, Linda Darling-Hammond, and Pamela LePage. 2007. Introduction. In Preparing Teachers for a Changing World: What Teachers Should Learn and Be Able to Do , John Bransford and Linda Darling-Hammond (Eds.). Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, Chapter 1, 1–39. [3] CSTA. 2013. Bugs in the System: Computer science teacher certification in the U.S. Technical Report. Computer Science Teachers Association, New York, NY. [4] Chris Dede, Ketelhut Diane, Pamela Whitehouse, Lisa Breit, and Erin McCloskey. 2009. A research agenda for online teacher professional development. Journal of Teacher Education 60, 1 (2009), 8–19. [5] Judith Gal-ezer and David Harel. 1998. What (else) should CS educators know? Commun. ACM 41, 9 (1998), 77–84. [6] Kleinfeld Judith. 1988. Teaching cases in cross cultural education. University of Alaska Fairbanks. [7] Aman Yadav, Sarah Gretter, Susanne Hambrusch, and Phil Sands. 2017. Expanding computer science education in schools : Understanding teacher experiences and challenges. Computer Science Education (2017). https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408. 2016.1257418 View publication stats Document Outline
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