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2.2. Works by Charles Dickens focused on the works of David Copperfield
Poverty is a recurring feature of Dickens' work. The partially autobiographical David Copperfield describes David's early life in a factory, which is similar to Dickens' own experience. This is due to his approach to poverty in the Victorian era. Dickens was categorically against this point of view. He highlights this in Oliver Twist and in his references to the poorhouse in Scrooge's Christmas Carols
Debt also plays a big role in the works of Dickens. At that time, debtors were kept in prisons before they could pay their debts. It may take many years. Examples of this problem include Mr Micuber in David Copperfield and William Dorrit in Little Dorrit in Debtors' Prison in the Marshalsea.
Dickens also sharply criticized the exaggerations of industrialization and capitalism and the values they represented. This becomes apparent in Martin Chazlewit when Martin loses everything in a fraud scheme in the USA (Dickens was not a fan of America). In the same novel, Montague Tigg transforms from a man who has never been successful into a successful entrepreneur behind a big scam.
Dickens also sharply criticized his approach to education, for example, the experience of Wackford Squiers, the mentor of the Doteboys hall in Nicholas Nickleby, and David Copperfield at Salem House by Mr. Creakle and Mr. Tangi.
Dickens eventually harshly criticized the legal system, the most famous example of which is the case of advertisers and advertisers at Blake House. Other well-known lawyers include Spenlow and Yorkins of David Copperfield and Jaggers of Black House.
Charles Dickens, in full Charles John Huffham Dickens, (born February 7, 1812, Portsmouth, Hampshire, England died June 9, 1870, Gads Hill, near Chatham, Kent), English writer, usually considered the greatest of the Victorian era. Many of his volumes contain such works as "Christmas carols", "David Copperfield", "Blake House", "the Story of two cities", "great hopes" and "our mutual friend".
During his lifetime, Dickens was more popular than previous writers. Many of his works were simple and appealing to complex people, the poor and the queen.technological advances, as well as the quality of his work, contributed to the rapid spread of his fame around the world. The acceptance and sale of individual novels changed over his long career, but none of them were as significant, characteristic or ignored, and although his contemporaries now admired him for aspects and phases of his work that were given less weight, his popularity never stopped. The most comical of English writers, he was more than just the best comedian. The range, kindness, and intelligence of his understanding of society and its shortcomings enriched his novels, making him one of the greatest forces in 19th-century literature and an influential representative of the conscience of his time.
In the early years
Dickens left Portsmouth when he was still a child. The happiest years of his childhood were spent in Chatham (1817-22). From 1822 he lived in London, in 1860 he moved to a country house called Gads Hill, near Chatham. His background was middle-class if he had a new and insecure reputation; one grandfather was a housekeeper and the other was a money thief. His father, a naval officer, received a good salary, but his extravagance and incompetence put the family in a financial predicament or devastated it. (Some of his flaws and dexterity were dramatized in Mr. Mikauber's partially autobiographical David Copperfield.)
In 1824, the family reached its lowest level. Charles, the eldest son, was expelled from school and started working in a factory as manual labor, and his father went to prison for debts. These shocks greatly affected Charles. Although he was disgusted by the brief entry into the working class, he began to gain sympathetic knowledge about his life and the suffering that influenced his writings. Also, in many novels, images of a prison and a lost, oppressed or stunned child are repeated. His character and art stem from this period, including, as 20th-century writer Angus Wilson put it, his later problems with understanding women as men and as writers: it could have been because of his Bitter resentment towards his mother, who at that time could not appreciate his suffering and suffered a crushing failure. She wanted him to stay at work when his father's release from prison and the improvement of family happiness allowed the boy to return to school. Fortunately, his father's point of view was predominant.
He dropped out of school at the age of 15, leaving no impression. He worked as a clerk in a lawyer's office, then as a stenographer in court (so he gained knowledge of the legal world, which is often used in novels) and eventually became a parliamentarian and newspaper reporter, like many other members of his family. These years have fueled his love of journalism and hatred of both the law and parliament. His arrival in the reformist period in the 1830s, especially his work on the liberal Bentham Morning Chronicle (1834-36), had a great influence on his political views. Another touching story is Maria Bidnell's rejection as a boyfriend because her family and future are unsatisfactory; her hope and grief at losing her sharpened her determination to succeed. His feelings for Bidnell are evident from David Copperfield's worship of Dora Spenlow and Arthur Clennam's discovery of middle-aged (in "little Dorrit") Flora Finching, who a few years ago seemed magical, "absent-minded and stupid" that "The Flora he left to Lilies turned into a Peony."”
Having taken up the theater, Dickens almost became a professional actor in 1832. In 1833, he began writing short stories and descriptive essays for magazines and newspapers; they attracted attention and were republished by Gray (February 1836) in the form of sketches. In the same month, he was invited to present a comic serial story to accompany the engravings of a famous artist; seven weeks later, the first part of Pickwick's articles appeared. A few months later, Pickwick flew into a rage, and Dickens became the most popular writer of the time. In 1836, he also wrote two plays and a pamphlet on a topical issue (how the poor should be allowed to enjoy Saturdays) and, abandoning newspaper work, took up editing the monthly magazine Bentley's version, in which he serialized Oliver Twist (1837-39). So he wrote two episodes every month. And in April 1836, he married Catherine, the eldest daughter of the Scottish journalist and writer George Hogarth
For several years, his life continued with this power. Finding serialization attractive and profitable, he repeated Pickwick's model of 20 parts per month with Nicholas Nickleby (183839); he then experimented with short weekly parts for the old curiosity shop (184041) and Barnaby Rudge (1841). In the end, he got tired and went on a five-month vacation to America, where he received royal awards as a literary celebrity, but was disappointed in the lack of copyright and offended national feelings. Fiercely criticizing British institutions, he expected more from the "Republic of my Imagination", but found in it more shame and sharp practice for hatred than in social structures. Some of these feelings can be found in American works (1842) and Martin Chazlewit (1843-44).
Novels from the Pickwick Papers to Martin Chazlewit
His works in those years were incredibly diverse and, with the exception of his plays, were brilliant. Pickwick began as an arrogant farce and included many of the usual comic and traditional jokes; like other early works, he was indebted to modern theater, English novelists of the 18th century and several foreign classics, especially Don Quixote. But apart from the fact that Pickwick breathed new life into old stereotypes, he also demonstrated many traits that can sometimes be mixed in the embryo in different proportions: attacks, satirical or condemning social evil and inadequate institutions; current references; encyclopedic knowledge about London (always its predominant fictional place); pathos; terrible roots; pleasure in the demotic joys of Christmas; a wide range of mercy and genius a pervasive spirit; inexhaustible powers of character creation; an excellent ear for characteristic speech, often enhanced by imagination; a strong narrative impulse; and the prose style, if it depended heavily on a few comic mannerisms here, was very individual and inventive. Written weeks or days before rapid improvisation and serial publication, Pickwick contains weak and young passages and presents unsatisfactory integrity, as Dickens was rapidly developing his art as a novelist when writing and publishing it. Ironically, the first novel written in such an environment not only instantly grounded it and created a new tradition of popular literature, but also survived as one of the most famous novels in the world, despite its rigor.
His self-confidence and creative ambitions manifested themselves in Oliver Twist, where he rejected the temptation to repeat the successful Pickwick formula. Although Oliver Twist still includes a lot of comedy, it focuses more on social and moral evils (a house for the poor and the criminal world); it ends with the murder of Nancy Bill Sykes and Feigin on the last night in a convict cell in Newgate. The last episode was memorably illustrated by George Hookshank from an engraving; The fantastic power of Dickens' characters and stories allowed his original illustrators (Hookshank for "gray" and Oliver Twist for sketches, "physics" for most other novels before the 1860s) is associated with many things.
The cost of his work also depended on how easy it was to adapt to effective options on stage. Sometimes 20 London theaters adapted his last story at the same time, so that even non-readers were familiar with simplified versions of his works. The theater was often the subject of his artistic works, for example, in the Nicholas Crummles Troupe in Nickleby. This novel returned to the Pickwick form and atmosphere, but the condemnation of the cruel Yorkshire schools (Dotheboys Hall) continued an important innovation in English fiction, observed in Oliver Twist—the appearance of a lost or oppressed child as an opportunity for pathos and social criticism. This was reinforced in the old curiosity shop, where little Nell's death was considered very strong at the time, but after a few decades it became an outward expression of what became known as "Victorian sentimentality".In the novel "Barnaby Rudge" he created another Genre-the historical novel. Like his attempts, the story of the two cities takes place at the end of the 18th century and is a scene of large-scale mafia violence with great force and insight (and a kind of duality).
Creating artistic unity from the wide range of moods and materials contained in each novel, often with several complex plots, is further complicated by the fact that Dickens writes and publishes them serially. In Martin Chulvit, he tried to "resist the temptation of the modern monthly number and constantly follow the common goal and plan" (introduction of 1844). But his American episodes were not intentional (he suddenly decided to increase the depressing sales of some American baits and avenge the insults and injuries inflicted on the American press). The focus on the novel "common purpose and design" in the later novel Dombey and Son (1846-48) was effective, but his experience writing short Christmas books outside the series helped him achieve greater consistency.
David Copperfield was Dickens' eighth novel. Like many of his other novels, it was first published as a series. The first part was published in May 1849. The last part was published in November 1850.
The novel held a special place in Dickens' heart. In the preface to the 1867 edition , Dickens wrote: "like many parents, I have a beloved child in my heart. His name is David Copperfield.”
In 1848, Dickens' beloved sister Fanny was on the verge of death. She had been his childhood companion, a fan model in Christmas Carols, and now she was dying of consumption.
His death was painful and prolonged. He died in September 1848.
After his death, Dickens and his friends took a trip to some of the places of Dickens' childhood. His thoughts were focused on Fanny and their childhood.
It seems natural that at the beginning of 1849 he began writing a novel by David Copperfield, who later called his favorite child.
At ground level, it's easy to see that the name of the main character David Copperfield also has the inverted initials of the author Charles Dickens.
David's work at the Murdstone and Greenby factories was based on Dickens' painful experience at Warren's libel factory.
Even their careers as a reporter and then a novelist are similar.
The image of David's beautiful young mother was inspired by Dickens' mother. Elizabeth Dickens was present at the Christmas tree on the night of the birth of her son Charles.
Perhaps the death of David's mother influenced Dickens' attitude towards his mother, who was forced to work at Warren's libel factory.
The novel Bildungs is an example of a novel. This is a kind of novel in which the main focus is on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist. To kill laughter, Little Women, Jane Eyre and Harry Potter novels are another example of bildungsroman.
Through the voice of David Copperfield, Dickens shares with us the values that he brought to his life success:
My meaning was simply that no matter what I tried to do in life, I tried to do something good with all my heart; whatever I devoted myself to, I fully dedicated myself; whatever I did for big and small goals, I always tried with all my heart.