Contents introduction chapter definition and concepts of the methods of simultaneous interpretation

Travel interpretation
Travel interpretation (also known as escort interpretation) is a mode of interpretation that stands out from others from a cultural perspective. Travel interpreter accompanies the client to the previously agreed destination and helps them overcome the language barrier through interpretation.
Travel interpreter is responsible for interpreting from language A to language B and (frequently!) handling client’s administrative tasks during the trips. That’s why clients in need of travel interpretation select interpreters based on various aspects. They include personality, languages spoken, cultural knowledge, and understanding of the location to which a client is traveling.
Over-the-phone interpretation
Over-the-phone interpreting (OPI) is one of the remote interpretation services. Such service providers tend to operate in more than 100 languages. Governmental institutions often use OPI on occasions related to healthcare or public concerns in countries like the United States.
However, there are some disadvantages: users and interpreters can’t see the speaker. Body language and facial expressions play a huge role in interpreting. Another aspect arises from the technology itself – interpreting over the phone is usually followed by background noise.
There is another thing to highlight: over-the-phone conversations do not take a very long time. They are specialized and usually don’t go into the depths of a matter. However, if that were the case, OPI interpretation wouldn’t be the best choice. Wondering why? Connected on the phone, interpreters don’t see the client's emotions and other non-verbal cues, which leads to confusion, long pauses, and interruptions on both sides.
After all, it’s worth mentioning that these 8 types are sometimes called differently among clients and service providers. Don’t worry if you come across a whole different type of interpreting that wasn’t discussed here – we are here to keep you updated.
2.1 Significant strategies of simultaneous interpretation.
In international political or corporate meetings simultaneous interpreting plays an important role in mediating communication. In daily life, we may have encountered simultaneous interpretations of live broadcasted statements or interviews on television news channels, such as CNN, and may have been intrigued by this capacity to verbally transform online a message from one language, the source language, into another language, the target language. In simultaneous interpreting (SI) it is required that interpreters both listen and speak at the same time. In this regard it contrasts with so called consecutive interpreting, where the interpreter alternates between listening and speaking and only starts to translate after the speaker has finished speaking. In the world of language services, simultaneous interpretation can be classified as the most demanding. The interpreter must have excellent language skills and more than average fluency in two languages.
Further, he or she must be mentally prepared. Especially if the meeting or conference is a long one and involves many speakers. Being a simultaneous interpreter means correctly interpreting what is being said while injecting the nuances necessary in the target language. The environment itself can already be stressful. The interpreter cannot consult a dictionary to look up unfamiliar expressions and terms, which is reason enough to have excellent proficiency in the source and target languages. The interpreter must be fully confident of their speaking skills. The job demands that the interpreter must also be skilled in improvisation. Simultaneous interpreting is a complex task where the interpreter is routinely involved in comprehending, translating and producing language at the same time. This study assessed two components that are likely to be major sources of complexity in SI: The simultaneity of comprehension and production, and transformation of the input. Furthermore, within the transformation component, we tried to separate reformulation from language-switching. We compared repeating sentences (shadowing), reformulating sentences in the same language (paraphrasing), and translating sentences (interpreting) of auditorily presented sentences, in a simultaneous and a delayed condition. Output performance and ear–voice span suggest that both the simultaneity of comprehension and production and the transformation component affect performance but that especially the combination of these components results in a marked drop in performance. General lower recall following a simultaneous condition than after a delayed condition suggests that articulation of speech may interfere with memory in SI. Many famous interpreters have discussed and proposed different interpreting strategies using a variety of different terms. For example: Jones, Al-Salman and Al-Khanji, Bartlomiejczyk. Strategies are generally divided into: comprehension strategies (knowledge activation, anticipation, and segmentation), production strategies (compression, expansion, approximation strategies, generalization, reformulation, repair strategies, and transcoding), overall strategies (workload management strategies and monitoring strategies), and emergency strategies (omission of text segment, transcoding, and parallel reformulation).