Contrastive analysis of lexemes treatment

CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF LEXEMES TREATMENT
Akhmedova Shakhodat Makhmutovna
Termiz State University

Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada ingliz va o‘zbek tillaridagi ba’zi shifo konseptiga oid leksemalar tahlil qilingan. Shu bilan birga, ba’zi shifo konseptiga oid leksemalarning etnolingvistik va lingvomadaniy xususiyatlari o‘rganilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar: Shifo leksemasi, lingvokulturologiya, doktor leksemasi.
Annotation. This article analyzes some lexemes related to the concept of healing in English and Uzbek languages. At the same time, the ethnolinguistic and linguocultural features of some lexemes related to the healing concept were studied.
Key words: Lexeme of healing, linguoculturalism, lexeme of doctor.
Each language phenomenon has hundreds of features, i.e. facets. Accordingly, the source of learning and the subject of learning are different in language phenomena. In this case, the corresponding linguistic phenomenon is called the source of learning, and its feature taken for research is called the subject of learning. Fields of linguistics differ based on which side of the same learning source is studied.
For example, the lexicon of the language is considered a source of study in the fields of lexicology, semasiology and onomasiology. Lexicon directly or indirectly represents the existence in society reflects changes, the material life and spiritual world of the people, is constantly filled with new words to express new objects, events, processes and concepts. In himself fully reflects wear and tear. And the units whose level of consumption has decreased will not completely leave the lexicon. Various areas of material production are constantly developing and enriching with new directions, the constant development of science and technology is new and special words create and develop terms and terminological layers. It is noteworthy the fact is that some common words acquire a terminological nature, while some terms acquire a common character depending on the level of use of their expression in everyday life. The development of general education in the society also leads to the popularization of the terminological system of the language in the middle level of the language. Lexicography is a branch of lexicography, which has theoretical and practical, traditional and modern aspects.
Lexical level unit is called lexeme in linguistics. Lexeme - the most of linguistics one of the important and central concepts. However, its content and limits are still clear not specified. The lexical, phonetic and grammatical levels of the language are also interrelated: phonetic units make words dependent, morphemes form artificial words, words possibilities of conjugation, their lexical and grammatical features as methodological tools it relies on its meanings and methodological themes. These are phonetics, morphemics, requires communication with word formation, grammar and stylistics.
Today, it is rapidly developing, not only doctors and medicine and linguistics useful for linguists, but also for ordinary people cooperation can be seen in the etymology of some of our expressions: the etymology of some expressions in our language goes back to medicine. For example, the expression "He has the heart of a lion" - the adrenal glands of the rabbit, which is considered the most fearful animal, mainly produce adrenaline, while those of wild animals produces noradrenaline. Such symptoms are also found in humans. For example, a person born in the year of Leo produces a large amount of noradrenaline during emotional and nervous tension. Such people are themselves in times of nervous tension they endure. They have a strong reserve of internal possibilities. Such people They say he has the heart of a lion.
Our Uzbek people are creative, they use the word in such a way that the expression of the powerful word shows its height not only in artistic works, but also expresses the units representing human pain, illness, and disease with pleasant-sounding names. There are such proverbs, sayings, stories, phraseological and euphemistic units about health and the treatment of diseases that the creativity of our people and the power of words amazes people. These units reflect the history, culture, lifestyle, traditions, and religion of our people. In proverbs related to folk medicine, which have been created for centuries on the basis of people's faith and belief, and passed down from generation to generation, Purmano's thoughts on treatment, healing, prevention of diseases, health, and illness are short, clear, and succinct. described in the form.
Approaching to the language from both cultural and national point of view, it defines the language’s level in world linguistics and in turn, it reflects to the development of the concept of national character. The approval of cultural linguistics as an independent direction in the science of language has become auspicious due to the possibility of faction into a single complex the issues arising around the idea that language and culture are interconnected synchronously and interdependent diachronically.
Medical words and phrases that embody the nomenclature of the medical field. In other words, they are tools that represent all aspects of the medical world. The lexicon of this field is the richest and rather complex terminological system among the units of the scientific and technical field. Several hundreds of thousands of words and phrases can be included in it. After all, the dictionary of this field includes terms used in the fields of biology, chemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, anatomy, anthropology, paleopathology, paleobiology, genetics, and similar fields, which are directly part of the medical sciences[1].
As a result, the linguistic research and regulation of these terms in every language, including Uzbek linguistics, remains an urgent issue. Illness is a phenomenon that occurs in the life of all people. It has its own definition in linguists, medical professionals and vernacular. Each nation's culture has different views on the names of diseases. They reflect the worldview, religion, customs, way of life and history of this people[3]. In ancient times, the names of extremely dangerous diseases were tabooed, and this process continues to this day. Linguist Denis Jamet explains that diseases lead to death (cancer, AIDS, etc.) and fear (fear of death, fear of illness, etc.)two factors are always noticeable in the folk nomenclature of disease names. Keith Burridge and Keith Allan note: "A study of medieval disease names shows that where there is fear and ignorance, there is usually euphemism." In fact, in the Middle Ages in the West, many disease names included the word evil. Including: the foul evil - terrible evil (wound disease), the falling evil - falling evil (epilepsy), king's evil - king's evil (tuberculosis): Along with the above terms, eponymous units also play an important role in folk language culture. They enrich the national, cultural and historical heritage of each country[2].
As a result of studies, no nationaleponymic units were identified among Uzbek medical terms. However, it should be noted that there is a large number of such terms in the linguistic culture of the people of Great Britain. Verbalization of medical terms in popular speech reflects the linguistic and cultural aspect. If the concept of "highly educated medical worker treating patients" is expressed by the terms doctor, doctor in modern medicine, the words "doctor" and "doctor" are often used in popular speech[4].
The term vrach is actually borrowed from the Russian language, it entered the vernacular after the Russian conquest and has been preserved until now. It follows that linguistic and cultural units can appear under the influence of historical events. Considerations of medical terms provide sample opportunities for the formation of cultural competence. Studying the medical terminology by linguocultural approach can lighten the national colour of the target language. Medical terms have the great importance in doctors’ communication process.