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Coursework
2.1 Prewriting strategy
Prewriting—A Writing Strategy That Comes Before All Others. Pre-writing strategies use writing to generate and clarify ideas. While many writers have traditionally created outlines before beginning writing, there are several other effective prewriting activities. We often call these prewriting strategies “brainstorming techniques.” "The objective of prewriting," according to Roger Caswell and Brenda Mahler, "is to prepare students for writing by allowing them to discover what they know and what else they need to know. Prewriting 6 https://authority.pub/writing-strategies-examples/ invites exploration and promotes the motivation to write" 7 "Prewriting is the 'getting ready to write' stage. The traditional notion that writers have a topic completely thought out and ready to flow onto the page is ridiculous. Writers begin tentatively—talking, reading, brainstorming—to see what they know and in what direction they want to go." 8 To produce a piece of writing that will get your main point to the reader effectively, you have to put some technical work into it first. Prewriting involves anything you do to help yourself decide what your central idea is or what details, examples, reasons, or content you will include. Freewriting, brainstorming, and clustering are types of prewriting. Thinking, talking to other people, reading related material, outlining or organizing ideas—all are forms of prewriting. Obviously, you can prewrite at any time in the writing process. Whenever you want to think up new material, simply stop what you are doing and start using one of [these] techniques. Everything that you do before you sit down to write your first draft can collectively be termed prewriting. The strategies that go into it include: - mind-mapping - outlining - researching - targeting your readers - getting feedback on your outline. Mind-mapping is an amazing strategy to get all your scrambled ideas out on one piece of paper. Instead of putting them into a linear list, you organize them into circles that are all tied to the central theme. For example, you could be writing an essay on how school uniforms constrict self-expression in students. School uniforms would be a phrase to put in the center of the paper, and you would go from there. You could draw a line and write the same on top of it, and then you 8 Gail Tompkins, Rod Campbell, and David Green, Literacy for the 21st Century. - Sydney: Pearson Australia, 2010. - 187p 7 Roger Caswell and Brenda Mahler, Strategies for teaching writing. - Arizona: Power press, 2004. - 325p would circle that phrase. Another three lines could include boring, autocratic, lack of uniqueness. You would circle each word or phrase in turn. If an idea on something else related to the topic comes to mind that you want to include in your essay, you would go back to the original phrase and jot down the new idea next to it. Mind-mapping is an excellent method to use to get all your ideas out onto a clear layout. You don’t have to list them one next to the other because that’s not how your mind works. You only need to be careful not to wander too far from the central topic. Outlining. Every writer who knows half their worth is aware of how important outlining is. In college, you can even be graded based on your ability to create an effective outline. But, what is an effective outline, you might be asking. Well, that is a great question! Researching. In nine out of ten cases, you’ll need to do a little digging on your topic before you decide what your conclusions are. Depending on the type and the scope of your writing, your research can range from looking up word meanings to studying relevant sources that can back up your claims.If the latter is the case, merely skimming your sources won’t cut it. You have to be able to check their: - credibility - relevance - objectivity To make sure your source satisfies all of the listed criteria, you need to fact-check it, look up the authors and see if they’re valid, and make sure the paper isn’t outdated. It’s all part of your skill to employ critical reading while deciding which sources are relevant to your assignment. Freewriting is a process of generating a lot of information by writing non-stop in full sentences for a predetermined amount of time. It allows you to focus on a specific topic but forces you to write so quickly that you are unable to edit any of your ideas. Freewrite on the assignment or general topic for five to ten minutes non-stop. Force yourself to continue writing even if nothing specific comes to mind (so you could end up writing “I don’t know what to write about” over and over until an idea pops into your head. This is okay; the important thing is that you do not stop writing). This freewriting will include many ideas; at this point, generating ideas is what is important, not the grammar or the spelling. After you have finished freewriting, look back over what you have written and highlight the most prominent and interesting ideas; then you can begin all over again, with a tighter focus (see looping). You will narrow your topic and, in the process, you will generate several relevant points about the topic. Looping is a freewriting technique that allows you to focus your ideas continually while trying to discover a writing topic. After you freewrite for the first time, identify a key thought or idea in your writing, and begin to freewrite again, with that idea as your starting point. You will loop one 5-10 minute freewriting after another, so you have a sequence of freewritings, each more specific than the last. The same rules that apply to freewriting apply to looping: write quickly, do not edit, and do not stop. Loop your freewriting as many times as necessary, circling another interesting topic, idea, phrase, or sentence each time. When you have finished four or five rounds of looping, you will begin to have specific information that indicates what you are thinking about a particular topic. You may even have the basis for a tentative thesis or an improved idea for an approach to your assignment when you have finished. |
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