Cultivating Women’s Empowerment through Agritourism: Evidence from Andean Communities
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agri and women Barbieri
3. Research Methods
3.1. Research Approach In conducting this study, the researchers followed an interpretivist paradigm, acknowledging the unique insights of community members involved in agritourism. This facilitated the creation of knowledge in a collaborative manner between study participants and researchers [ 38 ] that enabled researchers to expand the scope of the empowerment framework [ 19 ]. Given the characteristics of this paradigm, a qualitative approach to data collection was utilized to provide opportunities to increase the understanding of how agritourism influenced women’s empowerment in Andean communities. The use of in-depth semi-structured interviews allowed participants to fully elaborate on their answers and researchers to further inquire and probe participants on topics of particular relevance in the interviews [ 39 , 40 ]. It is necessary to acknowledge that the majority of the research team has backgrounds that may have influenced the study. Most team members are Peruvian and native Spanish speakers, which allowed a more accurate design of the interview guide as well as its application. In addition, their extensive research experience in agritourism allowed for a more nuanced understanding of the activity context and complexities. The one non-Peruvian team researcher has extensive experience in tourism product development, which allowed them to take on the role of auditor. The researchers involved in data collection interacted with the study communities both as researchers and as tourists experiencing their agritourism o fferings. This may have influenced the researchers’ perspective as they viewed the communities through a tourist gaze. It may have also influenced the community members to see the researchers as tourists, which may have led them to avoid expressing negative opinions about the tourism activity. However, this prolonged engagement provided the research team with in-depth and first-hand knowledge of the agritourism o fferings and community dynamics, which was crucial for interpreting the data. Several techniques to enhance data trustworthiness were applied [ 41 ]. Data credibility was addressed through the use of prolonged engagement. Purposive sampling through the identification of community members that participated in agritourism initiatives ensured the transferability of findings. Dependability was accounted for by incorporating a non-Peruvian research team member, who provided an outside perspective on the data and researcher triangulation. Dependability was also addressed through peer debriefing, which allows for correction in case there are disparities between respondents’ and researchers’ views [ 42 ]. Lastly, confirmability was addressed through an audit trail that was used to decrease the chance of discrepancies when di fferent research team members conducted interviews [ 41 , 42 ]. The audit trail comprised a detailed record of all steps taken from the beginning of the study, such as raw data, field notes, protocols, materials, and instruments, to ensure data trustworthiness [ 43 ]. 3.2. Study Setting The study took place in seven rural communities in the Peruvian Andes (Cusco and Puno regions) that o ffer diverse agritourism activities: Misminay, Amaru, Raqchi, and Paru Paru–Saccaca in Cusco, and Hatunqolla, Amantaní, and Llachón in Puno (Figure 1 ). These communities were selected based on several criteria. One of them was their diverse agritourism o fferings, which range from textile weaving (e.g., Misminay, Amaru), pottery (e.g., Raqchi), sowing and harvesting of crops (e.g., Paru Paru–Saccaca), spiritual rituals (Hatunqolla), artisanal fishing (Amantaní), and cattle herding (Llachón). Sustainability 2019, 11, 3058 5 of 14 Another criterion considered in their selection was their di fferent managerial structures. Misminay operates as an exclusive experiential tourism product of a large tour operator; Amaru and Paru Paru–Saccaca belong to consortiums of communities associated for tourism and conservation purposes, respectively. Hatunqolla, Amantaní, Llachón, and Raqchi operate individually and are community managed. It is also worth noting that with the exception of Misminay, all initiatives are included in the Peruvian government’s directory of rural community tourism providers. Sustainability 2019, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 5 of 14 conservation purposes, respectively. Hatunqolla, Amantaní, Llachón, and Raqchi operate individually and are community managed. It is also worth noting that with the exception of Misminay, all initiatives are included in the Peruvian government’s directory of rural community tourism providers. Download 0.52 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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