Cοurse paper Theme: Henry Fielding parodies on Samuel Richardson's novels

Practical value οf the wοrk: In οur cοurse wοrk, analyzing the reflectiοn οf themes and sοcial features in “Shamela” and main characterists in the Richardson’s “Pamela” is practical value. We can use οur cοurse wοrk tο write independent wοrks, articles, cοurse wοrk and qualificatiοn paper abοut Samuel Richardson.
The structure οf the research. It cοnsists οf the fοllοwing parts: Intrοductiοn, Main part: fοur plans, Cοnclusiοn and the list οf used literature.
The first plan is devοted tο the period, the famous manifestations of the period, Henry Fielding’s life and his literary career and analysis οf Samuel Richardson’s famοus wοrks.
The secοnd plan is dedicated tο describe the reflectiοn οf themes and sοcial features in “Shamela” and main characterists in the Richardson’s “Pamela”.
The cοnclusiοn deals with the theοretical results οf the wοrk summarizing ideas οf the wοrk.
The list οf used literature deals with the list οf literature and dictiοnaries used in this cοurse wοrk.

CHAPTER I.
THE MOST ESSENTIAL PERIOD OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN ENGLAND
l.l. The most famous authors in Enlightenment period.
In the eighteenth century the topics of study to which man applied himself grew to become extra numerous and greater systematic, and it used to be the good fortune of England that prose in that age had become a pliant and serviceable medium. It was a century full of speculation and fierce questioning, a century with powerful minds that utilized themselves to the issues of the nature of life, and set out solutions, which have been the foundation of a great deal later thought. It used to be a century, above all others, when England led Europe in philosophical speculation. The centre of activity was human experience, and what could be learned from it of the nature of life. Richardson and Fielding explored human trip in fiction. Historians had been attempting, extra ambitiously than before, to interpret the past of life, and philosophers to expound the nature of fact itself. It was natural that in such a century the orthodox teachings of the Church need to be open to criticism. Contact between writers and readers used to be established with the aid of well-known English essayists Joseph Addison and Richard Steele. They started out and directed countless magazines for which they wrote pamphlets and essays. In 1709 Steele issued a magazine, “The Tatler”. It was followed through others: “The Spectator” (1711), “The Guardian” (1713), and “The Englishman”(1713). In the latter political troubles have been discussed. Periodical newspapers also helped to unfold data amongst the familiar public. An early exponent of sentimentalism was once Richard Steele. The depths of sentimentalism were reached by way of some dramatists who confirmed how each and every human problem ought to be obscured in the welter of emotion. From such depths the drama was rescued with the aid of Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Sheridan. The XVIII century gave the world such magnificent English writers as Alexander Pope, Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Henry Fielding, Samuel Richardson, Tobias Smollet and famous dramatist Richard Brinsley Sheridan. Many students consider Samuel Richardson’s “Pamela” (1740) to be the first authentic novel in English. This e book is exceptionally moralistic. In contrast, the novels of Henry Fielding and Tobias Smollet are humorous and satiric. Laurence Stern was once another main novelist of the period. With the above-mentioned writers, yet background by myself used to be lacking, and used to be to remain absent till Walter Scott gave it lavishly in his fictions. Above all, he had less reticence than Richardson, and less than any of the novelists that succeeded him in the nineteenth century.The improvement of the novel is one of the exceptional achievements of the English literature. The foundations of early realism in English literature have been laid by Daniel Defoe and Jonathan Swift. Their novels were of a new type and with a new hero, but they have been primarily based on imaginary voyage and adventures supposed to take region a ways from England. Gradually the readers’ tastes changed. They desired to discover more and greater of their personal life mirrored in literature. These needs were satisfied when the incredible novels of Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding and Tobias Smollet regarded one after another. They marked a new stage in the improvement of literature. The biggest benefit of these novelists is in their deep sympathy for the common man. The common man is proven in his actual surroundings, which makes him convincing, believable, and actual to lifestyles.The mood of the Enlightenment was orderly, progressive, hopeful. In the eighteenth century England achieved, politically and economically the function of a great electricity in Europe. Eighteenth century England was wonderful additionally in science and philosophy. (Isaac Newton, David Hume, Adam Smith). The most active sections of populace at that time have been the commercial instructions that are the middle classes. One of the great names in English poetry of the early 18th century is that of Alexander Pope. Being a classicist he developed a taste for the art of ancient Greece and Rome.Classical forms suited the age, which tried to bring everything under the control of reason. The simplicity, proportion, and restrained emotion of the ancient Greek and Roman writers appealed to the English classicists. In 1715 Pope published a part of his translations of the “Iliad” and the “Odyssey” of Homer, which brought him fame.In 1709 he published his “Pastorals”, written as an imitation of ancient authors. In 1711 his “An Essay on Criticism” was published. In the work the creator had presented his aesthetic principles. In his satirical works “The Rape of the Lock”(1712), “The Dunciad” the poet ridiculed the vices of the society. Thus it was as a satirist that Pope used to be most effective. At his best, in “The Rape of the Lock”, he was once able to mock at the complete of the fashionable society of the eighteenth century, while showing that he had some passionate attachment to its elegance. “The Dunciad”, in which he abused dullness in general, and the current dunces in particular, is more ephemeral till one approaches the spectacular conclusion on Chaos, undoubtedly the most profound passage in Pope’s work. Daniel Defoe is the founder of the early realistic novel (with all these beforehand tendencies of the novel, it is left to the eighteenth century to consolidate fiction as a shape of literature, and from that time onwards there has been no cessation in novel-writing). He was once a journalist, and in many ways, the father of modern-day English periodicals. He based and conducted the first English newspaper “The Review” (1704 - 1713).Defoe published “The Life of Captain Singleton” in 1720, a vivid tale with piracy and Africa as its background, “The Fortunes and Misfortunes of Moll Flanders” in 1722, the “female rogues”, “A Journal of the Plague Year” in 1722, and “A History of the Lady Roxana” in 1724. In 1729, while at work on a book, which used to be to be, entitled “The Complete English Gentleman”, Defoe fell unwell and in two years time he died. Jonathan Swift was once the greatest of English satirists. He is typically concept to be the best prose author of the eighteenth century. He used to be a man whom many viewed a misanthrope (one who hates humankind) due to the fact his writings were deeply critical of humanity. It was, however, his deep love for humanity that triggered him to criticize it, and his exquisite dream was to remedy the ills of his age thru humor. By 1697 Swift had written his first satires “The Battle of Books” and “A Tale of a Tub”. But both of them had been posted later, in 1704. In “A Tale of a Tub” the writer ridiculed the extravagances of religion, literature, and academia. “The Battle of Books” is a mock debate between ancient and contemporary authors. In Ireland Swift kept an eye on the political activities of London. He wrote political pamphlets in defense of the Whigs. His contributions to “The Tattler”, “The Spectator” and other magazines show how properly he understood the spirit of the time. Swift’s conversations with the leaders of the English political parties are described in his letters to Stella (Esther). These letters grew to become his famous work “Journal to Stella”. In 1713 Swift was once made Dean of St. Patrick’s Cathedral in Dublin. In Ireland Swift came into contact with common people and noticed depressing conditions under which the populace lived. Swift wrote pamphlets criticizing the colonial coverage of England. In 1726 Swift’s masterpiece “Gulliver’s Travels” seemed and it made a super sensation. In 1728 Stella died after a lengthy illness.