Interestingly, the keto diet was not originally intended for the everyday dieter, as it was
designed and used
in clinical settings since the 1920’s to treat seizure disorders.
Countless
studies
over the years support that keto often yields a signi cantly positive outcome for the
treatment of refractory epilepsy in children and adults. Even in these cases, when it
signi cantly reduces seizure incidence, keto is
associated
with adverse effects including
dehydration, hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), lethargy,
metabolic acidosis
, gastrointestinal
symptoms, and elevated cholesterol. However, the quality of life improvements brought
about by seizure reduction are compelling enough for some patients to continue to follow the
diet.
Keto is being tested as an intervention for a host of other af ictions with mixed results. For
example, this diet may be useful for the treatment, but not the prevention, of Alzheimer’s
disease (AD). It seems to yield mild cognitive
bene ts
for AD patients, though saturated fat
intake, which typically increases on a ketogenic diet, is strongly
associated
with the risk of
developing Alzheimer’s, and more research is underway to understand the nuances of this
effect. It has been tried, but is now
discouraged
, for patients with Type 1 diabetes.
Additionally, studies are underway regarding the impact of a ketogenic diet on Type 2
diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and a variety of cancers, but potential bene ts
remain unclear
.
Though more longitudinal studies are still being conducted, early conclusions already suggest
that a ketogenic diet does more harm than good for almost everyone. Rather than a one-size-
ts-all miracle weight loss approach, a ketogenic diet should be considered as a medical
intervention only to be undertaken upon speci c recommendation from a physician.
Ya’el Courtney is a fourth-year PhD candidate in the Neuroscience program at Harvard University.
You can nd her on Twitter as @ScienceYael.
Figures created with biorender.com.
Cover image by
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