Determinants of choice of climate change adaptation practices by smallholder pineapple farmers in the semi-deciduous forest zone of Ghana
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1. Introduction
Climate change threatens the attainment of the Sustainable Devel- opment Goals (SDGs) particularly goals relating to poverty reduction (SDG1) and food security (SDG2). This is significantly the case for many West African countries, where the majority of the people are predomi- nantly dependent on climate sensitive sectors including agriculture and forestry. Climate change affects rain-fed agricultural systems through reduction in water resources, increasing temperature patterns coupled with high pest infestation and declining soil quality. West Africa is particularly vulnerable because of low adaptive capacity and high incidence of poverty ( Mertz et al., 2011 ). Ghana like many other West African countries is likely to experience increased rate of intense disasters like floods and droughts closely associated with changes in the climate ( Asante and Amuakwa-Mensah, 2015 ) and this could affect food production especially for vulnerable communities in northern Ghana. Across Ghana, many problems relating to intra-annual rainfall inconsistency and temperature increase are further compounded by numerous political, socio-economic and ecological challenges. This has serious consequences for Ghana’s growth and could undermine progress made towards eradicating poverty and hunger. The agricultural sector contributed 19.83% to Ghana’s GDP in 2019, with a gross value-added growth rate ranging between 2.3% and 6.4% from 2015 to 2019 ( Ministry of Finance, 2020 ). The sector also provides employment for significant proportion of the population; although Ghana has witnessed a drastic reduction in agriculture employment from 51.5% in 2009 to 29.2% of total employment in 2019 (Food and Agriculture Organization [ FAO], 2020 ). Within the * Corresponding author. E-mail address: pantwi-agyei.sci@knust.edu.gh (P. Antwi-Agyei). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Environmental and Sustainability Indicators journal homepage: www.sciencedirect.com/journal/environmental-and-sustainability-indicators https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2021.100140 Received 11 June 2020; Received in revised form 25 July 2021; Accepted 28 July 2021 Environmental and Sustainability Indicators 12 (2021) 100140 2 agricultural sector, horticultural production contributes significantly to the socioeconomic development of Ghana by providing employment opportunities to smallholder farmers. For instance, horticultural prod- ucts contributed 82 million USD of exports in 2016 ( Ghana Export Promotion Authority, 2016 ). Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is grown in many tropical and sub- tropical regions of the world ( Hossain, 2016 ; Wali, 2019 ). It is the most economically developed sector of the horticultural industry in Ghana ( Danielou and Ravry, 2005 ); and particularly for the majority of farmers in the Nsawam Adoagyiri Municipality; pineapple is a major livelihood strategy ( Ghana Statistical Services, 2014 ). Pineapple is also a major non-traditional crop that generates significant foreign exchange for Ghana ( Ghana Statistical Services, 2014 ). Yet, pineapple production is constrained by several factors including climate change ( Williams et al., 2018 ). Given the importance of pineapple production, it is critical to build the adaptive capacity of smallholder pineapple farmers to manage climate risks by identifying adaptation practices. Adaptation involves adjustment in the social and economic struc- tures by stakeholders in response to actual or expected climate and its effects (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [ IPCC], 2014 ). For resource-constrained farmers in dryland farming systems, where climate vulnerability is often high, adaptation is recognized as an essential intervention that can be used to address the threats posed by climate change and thereby increase household resilience and food security ( Antwi-Agyei & Nyantakyi-Frimpong, 2021 ; Sonko et al., 2020 ; Tambo and Abdoulaye, 2013 ). Nonetheless, farmers’ adaptation practices are closely linked to their perception of the changing patterns in rainfall and temperature ( Mekonnen et al., 2018 ; Elum et al., 2017 ; Codjoe et al., 2014 ; Simelton et al., 2011 ). Farmers will only implement adaptation strategies if they can perceive changes in the climate. Therefore, perception of the long-term changes in rainfall and temperature may have its weight on decisions to initiate adaptation practices by small- holder farmers ( Simelton et al., 2011 ). Various studies have explored how climate change affects pineapple production. Williams et al. (2017) reported that, climate variability poses a significant challenge in the production of pineapple in Ghana. De Mondonca (2015) reported that sub-standard pineapple fruits in Esse- quibo Tri-Lakes Area in Guyana could be attributed to lack of rains closely linked to climate change. Whilst these studies contribute evi- dence on the impact of climate change on pineapple production, evi- dence on how pineapple farmers respond to the adverse effects of climate change based on their perception of climate change has received relatively little research attention ( Wuepper et al., 2020 ; Williams et al., 2018 ). This paper addressed this research gap by exploring the extent to which the perception of climate change affects the choice of adaptation strategy by smallholder pineapple farmers in the semi-deciduous forest ecological zone of Ghana. The study answers three critical questions: (i) what is the awareness of smallholder pineapple farmers on climate change? (ii) are there variations in smallholder pineapple farmers per- ceptions; and (iii) to what extent does these variations influence the Download 1.61 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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