newsletter. Teacher needs to observe learners’ speech to seek problem in misplaced of prominence Intonational Unit. - Intonation is essential to interprete meaning e.g : sarcasm, surprise, querry, teasing etc.
- Can’t really be taught but the more you are exposed to it, the more conversant you are about the right intonation for specific intention.
- According to linguists, intonation is related to information structure of utterances.
- Halliday believes that speakers decide how to segment information.
- e.g: …I know I am far from being a perfect Muslim. I am still unsure of the state I will be in when my Creator finally calls me up. I am worried whether I would pass the test, ie. the pain, the agony, especially during ‘sakaratul maut’ (death throes).
Nuclear prominence projects what the speaker decides is new in the tone. - Nuclear prominence projects what the speaker decides is new in the tone.
- e.g : 4.30
4.31 words in bold are the newsworthy 4.32 - Speakers decide on the information that needs to be distributed in tone groups & where tonic is placed.
- Decisions rests on assessing what needs to be highlighted to the listener.
- (new & given)
Info Background info (obvious in the context) Prominence -- - Prominence --
- may be used to draw the listeners attention to a wide variety of
- including markings of the speakers’ turn
- a new topic
- & emphasis on contrast or giving new info
Turn-taking - Speakers can signal a desire to continue a speaking turn by :
- using low pitch
- pause to stop or continue
- low pitch for ending statement
- syntax, lexis, non-verbal communication & context
- Types of tones are not easy to separate. (good example p. 105 4.39)
- Matching or concord in pitch between speakers is a phenomenon.
- e.g: 4.59
- 4.60
- 4.61
- Phonology is complex. Not straightforward pedagogy.
- Several parts of the system can be scrutinized.
- But the entire discourse is significance.
- Levels of choice of speakers.
- Importance of speakers’ choice.
- Changing role of participants in conversations
Good Reading
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