Doi: 10. 1016/S0305-0548(03)00202-8
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10.1016@S0305-05480300202-8
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0.02 0.01 √ √ 0.23 √ 0.04 Top-Down+Loc-Iteration 0.61 12.75 5.89 7.72 6.63 10.37 13.41 8.2 Top-Down+Clu-Iteration 0.78 1.38 1.58 1.86 2.35 2.32 3.15 1.92 Top-Down+Alt-Iteration 0.13 0.09 √ 0.01 0.18 √ 0.25 0.09 TreePlan+Full-Iteration 0.34 √ 0.55 0.47 1.06 0.45 0.6 0.5 Random+Full-Iteration 0.61 0.6 1.27 1.06 1.23 1.12 0.64 0.93 Top-Down 3.98 17.51 12.69 15.92 15.91 18.81 23.77 15.51 TreePlan 4.14 8.51 10.37 17.93 20.56 18.16 20.33 14.29 Random 54.49 73.39 135.66 168.38 187.72 218.87 247.7 155.09 7.72 in column ‘n = 500’ means that the Top-Down+Loc-Iteration algorithm provided a solution, which is 7.72% worse on average than the best one that is obtained by the Top-Down+Full-Iteration algorithm ( √ ). The last column of the table includes the averages of the rows. The Top-Down initial solution with the Full-Iteration or Alt-Iteration improvement method provided the best solutions, but their di?erence is not signi/cant. The results of TreePlan+Full-Iteration and Random+Full-Iteration methods are a little bit worse. The Top-Down+Clu-Iteration and Top-Down+Loc-Iteration methods are relatively farther from the best result found, roughly 2% and 8%, respectively. We conclude that the best methods combine clustering and local optimization (Full-Iteration or Alt-Iteration variants), and the ones that use the Top-Down initial solution provide slightly better results. Adding the observation that these latter variants are also quicker, they seem to be a good choice. The results of the initial solution methods alone are modestly farther from the best result found, by roughly 15–20%, except for the extremely far Random initial solution, which is much worse. An illustrative investigation was performed with solving 50 random instances for n = 500, and tracking the improvement of the average solution quality over time (see Fig. 7 ). The /gure is divided into two parts along the time-axis. The /rst part shows the beginning 100 s, while the second part shows how the algorithms converge to their /nal solutions. In this latter part the cost-axis is focused to the range where the curves converge. Beyond 100 s running time, Top-Down initial solution with Full-Iteration and Alt-Iteration improvement methods give the best solutions. In the beginning, Top-Down+Clu-Iteration without Loc-Iteration is the best, but after approx. 100 s we have to use it together with Loc-Iteration to be able to improve the solution. It makes almost no di?erence to choose Full-Iteration or Alt-Iteration to combine the clustering and local improvement methods. Algorithms using only Clu-Iteration or Loc-Iteration stop their operation quickly, and /nally they lag behind the complex improvement methods. Random+Full-Iteration and TreePlan+Full-Iteration give slightly worse results than Top-Down+Full-Iteration, moreover, their results are always above the best ones. To summarize, we suggest to use Clu-Iteration improvement after our Top-Down initial solution to solve hierarchical access network planning problems if the running time is critical. Depending on the available time and the size of the instance, Clu-Iteration can be applied in itself or the Full-Iteration or Alt-Iteration improvement can be used to /nd even better solutions. I. G-odor, G. Magyar / Computers & Operations Research 32 (2005) 59–86 77 0 25 50 75 100 time [sec] 23000 25000 27000 29000 cost Top-Down + Full-Iteration Top-Down + Loc-Iteration Top-Down + Clu-Iteration Top-Down + Alt-Iteration TreePlan + Full-Iteration Random + Full-Iteration 100 200 300 400 500 600 time [sec] 23000 24000 25000 cost Top-Down + Full-Iteration Top-Down + Loc-Iteration Top-Down + Clu-Iteration Top-Down + Alt-Iteration TreePlan + Full-Iteration Random + Full-Iteration Fig. 7. Algorithm comparison (500 node instances). Table 4 Equipment and link costs C RNC (i; t i ): BC RNC Download 490.36 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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