Dsa 2012-14 Victim of Disability

Participate to the fullest extent of their capability (Munyi, 2012).
It was only after the Second World War when there was an increase in the number of persons 
with disabilities due to the war acquired injuries that the plight of persons with disabilities 
came into notice. The approach towards them however, was that of Charity. The Charity 
model treats people with disabilities as helpless victims needing care and protection. It relies 
on charity and benevolence rather than justice and equality. The charity model justified the 
exclusion of persons with disabilities from the mainstream education and employment.
The initial efforts of the government and individuals were based on this model.
Since the post-world war era, there have been various paradigmatic shifts within the 
discourse on disability. After the Charity Model came the Medical Model which assumed that 
the challenge experienced by person with disabilities are directly related to their physical, 
sensory or intellectual impairments. It defines disability in the clinical framework and 
supports the belief that persons with disabilities are biologically and psychologically inferior 
compared to non- disabled persons. In contrast to the Medical Model came the Social Model, 
according to which individuals are disabled because of architectural, attitudinal and social 
barriers created by society. This model views disability as a consequence of oppression, 
prejudice and discrimination by the society against persons with disability. As per this model 
it is the society, which constructs economic, social, health, architectural, legal, and cultural 
and other barriers in order to deliberately prevent people with impairments. 
Over the past two decades there has been a dramatic shift in perspective, from the Charity 
Model to the Rights based Model, under which disability is positioned as an important 

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dimension of human culture. According to this model all human beings irrespective of their 
disabilities have certain rights, which are unchallengeable. This model builds upon the spirit 
of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948, according t
o which, ‘all human beings 
are born free and equal in rights and dignity
.’ It emphasis on viewing persons with disabilities 
as subjects and not as objects thus locating the problem outside the disabled persons and 
addresses the manners in which the economic and social processes accommodate the 
differences of disability or not, as the case may be (Bhanushali, 2007).
According to a recent World Report, persons with disabilities are more prone to violence. 
Individuals with physical or mental disabilities are more prone and vulnerable to 
experiencing and being victims of physical, sexual, domestic, or non-domestic violence 
(Collins; 2013). Many people with disabling conditions are especially vulnerable to 
victimization because of their real or perceived inability to fight or flee, or to notify others 
and testify about the victimization. Often, as the person may be physically frail, the 
victimization may exacerbate existing health or mental health problems and there is a great 
risk of re-victimization. Within the Indian context there are primarily two kinds of abuse that 
persons with disability may face; due to societal barriers, unacceptance and stigma:
Neglect: The wilful 
failure of a “caregiver” to fulfil his or her care giving 
responsibilities that leads to physical harm through withholding of services necessary 
to maintain health and well-being; and,