Economic Growth Second Edition
Figure I.3 Histogram for growth rate of per capita GDP from 1960 to 2000
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BarroSalaIMartin2004Chap1-2
Figure I.3
Histogram for growth rate of per capita GDP from 1960 to 2000. The growth rates are computed for 112 countries from the values of per capita GDP shown for 1960 and 2000 in figures I.1 and I.2. For Democratic Republic of Congo (former Zaire), the growth rate is for 1960 to 1995. West Germany is the only country included in figure I.1 (for 1960) but excluded from figure I.3 (because of data problems caused by the reunification of Germany). Representative countries are labeled within each group. Chad, Comoros, Venezuela, Senegal, Rwanda, Togo, Burundi, and Mali. Thus, except for Nicaragua and Venezuela, this group comprises only sub-Saharan African countries. For the 38 sub-Saharan African countries with data, the mean growth rate from 1960 to 2000 was only 0.6 percent per year. Hence, the typical country in sub-Saharan Africa increased its per capita GDP by a factor of only 1.3 over 40 years. Just above the African growth rates came a few slow-growing countries in Latin America, including Bolivia, Peru, and Argentina. As a rough generalization for regional growth experiences, we can say that sub-Saharan Africa started relatively poor in 1960 and grew at the lowest rate, so it ended up by far the poorest area in 2000. Asia started only slightly above Africa in many cases but grew rapidly and ended up mostly in the middle. Latin America started in the mid to high range, grew somewhat below average, and therefore ended up mostly in the middle along with Asia. 6 Introduction Finally, the OECD countries started highest in 1960, grew in a middle range or better, and therefore ended up still the richest. If we want to understand why countries differ dramatically in standards of living (fig- ures I.1 and I.2), we have to understand why countries experience such sharp divergences in long-term growth rates (figure I.3). Even small differences in these growth rates, when cumulated over 40 years or more, have much greater consequences for standards of living than the kinds of short-term business fluctuations that have typically occupied most of the attention of macroeconomists. To put it another way, if we can learn about government pol- icy options that have even small effects on long-term growth rates, we can contribute much more to improvements in standards of living than has been provided by the entire history of macroeconomic analysis of countercyclical policy and fine-tuning. Economic growth—the subject matter of this book—is the part of macroeconomics that really matters. Download 0.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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