Economic Growth Second Edition
Figure I.7 World poverty rates
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BarroSalaIMartin2004Chap1-2
Figure I.7
World poverty rates. The graphs show the fraction of overall population with income below the poverty line. Source: Sala-i-Martin (2003a). The clear conclusion is that economic growth led to substantial reductions in the world’s poverty rates and head counts over the last thirty years. As mentioned earlier, this outcome was not inevitable: if aggregate growth had been accompanied by substantial increases in income inequality, it would have been possible for the mean of the income distribution to increase but also for the fraction of the distribution below a specified poverty threshold to also increase. Sala-i-Martin (2003a) shows that, even though this result is theoretically possible, the world did not behave this way over the last thirty years. Moreover, he also shows that world income inequality actually declined slightly between 1980 and 2000. This conclusion holds whether inequality is measured by the Gini coefficient, the Theil Index, the mean logarithmic deviation, various Atkinson indexes, the variance of log-income, or the coefficient of variation. Sala-i-Martin (2003a) decomposes the world into regions and notes that poverty erradica- tion has been most pronounced in the regions where growth has been the largest. Figure I.8 reports poverty rates for the poorest regions of the world: East Asia, South Asia, Latin America, Africa, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), and Eastern Europe and Central Asia. In 1970, three of these regions had poverty rates close to or above 30 percent. Two of them (East Asia and South Asia) have experienced substantial reductions in poverty Introduction 11 1970 10 20 30 40 50 0 60 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Percentage of re gion ’s population with income belo w $1 a day Latin America East Asia South Asia Middle East and North Africa Eastern Europe and Central Asia Africa Download 0.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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