• Take a look at the information on the container; in most
cases there are instructions
on how to deal with burns
caused by the substance in question.
In the event of a severe and/or extensive burn, burns on the eyes
or face, or symptoms of shock (such
as fainting, pale complexion
or breathing in a noticably shallow manner), seek emergency
medical assistance immediately.
First Aid for breaks and fractures
Broken bones are not uncommon among children, especially as
they grow older and more adventurous. A broken bone (or
fracture, as it is called by doctors) requires medical attention. The
following are indications of a fracture:
• The child is not able to move the affected part normally.
• There is intense and unbearable pain.
• There is swelling at the site of the break.
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In
some cases, it may be possible to hear the sound of the
fracture when it happens. In an “open fracture”, the end of the
broken bone protrudes from the skin.
First Aid for a child with a fracture
• Call for emergency medical help.
• Stop the bleeding if it is an open fracture.
• Do not move the child if you suspect a fracture in the
head, neck or back.
• Do not move the child unless it is necessary to avoid
further injury.
• Support the affected limb in
a comfortable position to
avoid further damage, and keep the bone in place until
professional help arrives.
• Do not attempt to set the bone
or push an exposed bone
back into place.
• Do not give the child anything to eat or drink until he has
been seen by a doctor, in case
surgery requiring a general
anaesthetic is needed.
• Do not give the child any painkillers until he has been
seen by a doctor.
• Apply ice packs to reduce swelling and pain. If no ice pack
is available, a bag of frozen vegetables can be used.
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