Ejise vol. 1, No. 2, March 2018


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PUBLISHED BY GLOBAL, RESEARCH. EDUCATION AND TRAINING (GREAT) CENTER 
37 
 
different ways. The sentence is traditionally (and inadequately) defined as a word or 
group of words that expresses a complete idea and that includes parts of speech. 
One way to begin studying basic sentence structures is to consider the traditional 
parts of speech (also called word classes): nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, 
prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Except for interjections ("oops!"), which 
have a habit of standing by themselves, the parts of speech come in many varieties and 
may show up just about anywhere in a sentence. To know for sure what part of speech a 
word is, we have to look not only at the word itself but also at its meaning, position, and 
use in a sentence. Direct speech is a report of the exact words used by a speaker or writer. 
Contrast with indirect or reported speech. Direct speech is usually placed inside quotation 
marks and accompanied by a reporting verb, signal phrase, or quotative frame. The 
reporting clause may occur before, within, or after the direct speech. When it occurs in 
the middle or at the end of the sentence, the order of subject and verb can sometimes be 
inverted: While direct speech purports to give a verbatim rendition of the words that 
were spoken, indirect speech is more variable in claiming to represent a faithful report of 
the content or content and form of the words that were spoken. It is important to note, 
however, that the question of whether and how faithful a given speech report actually is, 
is of a quite different order. Both direct and indirect speech are stylistic devices for 
conveying messages.
 
CONCLUSION:
The former is used as if the words being used were those of 
another, which are therefore pivoted to a deictic center different from the speech situation 
of the report. Indirect speech, in contrast, has its deictic center in the report situation and 
is variable with respect to the extent that faithfulness to the linguistic form of what was 
said is being claimed. Direct speech is introduced with the verbs: to say, to answer, to 
reply, to suggest, to explain, to order, etc. Several conventions are used to represent direct 
speech in fiction. Some authors take great pains to vary the verb of the reporting clause, 
to avoid the repeated use of said.


EJISE Vol. 1, No.1, June-July 2018

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