Экзамен по стилистике Stylistics as a science and style as a main stylistic category

Speak on phonetic stylistic devices. Enumerate them
Stylistic approach to phonetic resources. The stylistic approach to the utterance is not confined to its structure and sense. There is another thing to be taken into account which in a certain type of communication plays an important role. This is the way a word, a phrase or a sentence sounds. The sound of most words taken separately will have little or no aesthetic value. It is in combination with other words that a word may acquire a desired phonetic effect. The way a separate word sounds may produce a certain euphonic effect, but this is a matter of individual perception and feeling and therefore subjective.
The theory of sense - independence of separate sounds is based on a subjective interpretation of sound associations and has nothing to do with objective scientific data. However, the sound of a word, or more exactly the way words sound in combination, cannot fail to contribute something to the general effect of the message, particularly when the sound effect has been deliberately worked out. This can easily be recognized when analyzing alliterative word combinations or the rhymes in certain stanzas or from more elaborate analysis of sound arrangement. Phonetic expressive means and devices are used for the purpose of producing a certain acoustic effect, giving emphasis to the utterance and arousing emotions in the reader or the listener.
Phonetic SDs are additional EMs to increase the impact of the statement. They are a kind of musical accompaniment to the message.
Euphony
Alliteration
Assonance
Onomatopoeia
Rhythm meter
Rhyme


Euphony, alliteration and assonance
Euphony is the sound arrangement of the utterance which intensifies its logical meaning. The phonetic aspect of the word corresponds to the idea expressed. If the message is pleasant and mild, the mild and pleasant sounds increase the impression.
Ex. She is like a beautiful exotic flower that must be sheltered from bitter winds.
If the statement is harsh or conveys the idea of vitality, if it is energetic or tragic the phonetic aspect is expected to be in line with the idea expressed.
Ex. Isabel is infinitely good for me. I admire her more than any woman I’ve ever known. She has a wonderful brain and she is as good as she is beautiful. I respect her energy and her ambition. She was born to make success in life. I’m entirely unworthy of her.
The reverse euphony is cacophony which is a sense of strain and discomfort in pronouncing or hearing. An example of it is provided by the unspeakable combination of sounds found in R. Browning: Nor soul helps flesh now more than flesh helps soul.