Element atomlarining boshqa elementlarning muayyan sondagi atomlarini biriktirib olish xususiyati
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KIMYO TEST 2022umumiy kimyo
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Element atomlarining boshqa elementlarning muayyan sondagi atomlarini biriktirib olish xususiyati ============== ekvivalent ============== # valentlik ================ elektrmanfiylik ============= elektronga moyillik +++++++++++++ ,,Valentlik“ tushunchasi kimyo faniga qachon va kim tomonidan kiritilgan? ============================ Berselius =============== # Franklend ================ Mendeleyev ============== Dalton +++++++++++++++ O’z guruhiga mos valentlik(kichik) hosil qilmaydigan elementlar qatori? 1) azot 2) kislorod 3) ftor 4) temir 5) nikel 6) kobalt 7) geliy 8) argon 9) neon 10)mis 11) kumush 12) oltin 13) simob 14) talliy ============================== # 1,2,3,4,5,6 ========================== 1,2,3,4,5,6,10,11,12,13,14 ============================== 7,8,9 =============================== D) 10,11,12,13,14 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Qaysi valentlikni Mn va S hosil qiladi, lekin Cr hosil qila olmaydi. ========================== II ============================= III ======================= # IV ======================== VII +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Qaysi valentliklarni fosfor ham, xrom ham namoyon qila olmaydi , lekin yod namoyon qiladi 1) V; 2) III; 3) VI; 4) VII; 5) I =========================== # 4,5 =============================== 1,3 ============================== 2,4,5 =========================== 1,2,3 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Valentlik birligi sifatida nima qabul qilingan? =========================== vodorod atomining valentligi ============================== kislorod atomining valentligi ============================== litiy atomining valentligi ============================= # uglerod atomining valentligi ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Qaysi qatorda faqat metallar keltirilgan? =============================== kislorod, berilliy, kalsiy, kremniy ================================ # natriy, alyuminiy, kaliy, rux ============================== azot, oltingugurt, xlor, fosfor ========================= rubidiy, stronsiy, kobalt, azot ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Kimyoviy elementdir - bu ... ? ============================== molekulalaming muayyan turi =========================== ionlaming muayyan turi =============================== #atomlaming muayyan turi ========================== moddalaming muayyan turi ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Quyidagi moddalaming nechtasi tarkibida allotropik shakl ko‘rinishli element mavjud?l)ammiak; 2) vodorod sulfid; 3)malaxit; 4) oshtuzi; 5) ohaktosh; 6)kaliy bromid. ==================== #3 ======================= 4 ========================== 1 =========================== 2 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Allotropiyaga oid fikrlarning to’g’rilarini aniqlang.1) galogenlarda allotropiya hodisasi kuzatiladi;2) xalkogenlarda allotropiya hodisasi kuzatiladi;3) ozon kislorodning allotropik ko’rinishi;4) fullerin fosforning allotropik ko’rinishi ============================= # 2, 3 ============================ 1, 2, 3, 4 ============================= 1, 2, 3 =============================== 2, 3, 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Quyidagi elementlardan nechtasida allotropiya hodisasi kuzatilmaydi? Ftor, qalay, brom, selen, tellur, yod, kislorod, fosfor ============================ 2 ============================== 3 =================================== 4 ============================== # 5 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Quyida qaysi biri uglerod elementi allotropik modifikatsiyasi emas? =========================== olmos ======================== grafit ======================= karbin =============================== # qurum +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Is gazida uglerod atomining valentligi va oksidlanish darajasi nechiga teng. ================================== 2 va +2 ============================ 3 va +3 ========================== #3 va +2 ========================== +2 va 3 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Vodorod molekulasi hosil bo’lishining termokimyoviy tenglamasi quyidagicha: H + H → H2 + 436 kJ/mol. Bir dona molekula uchun bog’lanish energiyasini (J) toping. =============================== # 7,24∙10-22 ===================================================== 4,35∙10-23 ================================================== 8,7∙10-20 ================================================= 1,45∙10-22 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ HF-HCl-HJ-HBr qatorida bog’ uzunligi qanday o’zgaradi. ============================= kamayadi ============================ o’zgarmaydi ============================== kuchayadi ================================== #yodgacha ortadi keyin kamayadi +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Ionli bog’lanish hosil qiladigan elementlar juftliklari berilgan qatorni aniqlang. 1)1s22s22p63s1 2) 1s22s22p63s2 3) 1s22s22p63s23p6 4) 1s22s22p6 5) 1s22s22p63s23p5 =========================================== #1-5, 2-5 ============================= 1-3,1-4 ============================= 2-3,4-5 ========================== 3-4,1-3 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Digidroksoalyuminiy xlorid tarkibidagi bog’lar sonini toping. ============================== 6 ========================= 7 =============================== # 5 ================================= 9 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Ion boglanishli moddalarni toping ============================= # NaCl va Na2SO4 =============================== O2 va N2 ============================================ H2O va HF ============================== K2S va NaH ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Pirofosfat kislota molekulasidagi σ- va π-bog’lar sonini ko’rsating. ============================ 13σ, 1π =========================== 8σ, 6π ============================ # 12σ, 2π ================================= 12σ, 4π +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ qutubsiz kavalent bo’glanishli moddalar juftligini toping. ============================ HCl va NH3 ============================ # PH3 va O3 =========================================== BH3 va N2H4 =========================== H2 va HBr ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Magniy atsetat tuzi molekulasida nechta σ – va π-bog`lar mavjud? ======================== # 14;2 =========================== 12 ; 1 ================================ 13 ; 2 ============================= 12 ; 2 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Qaysi elementda ns dan nd orbitalga ikkita elektron ko’chish kuzatiladi. ============================= # Cu ============================== Mo ========================== Pd ============================ Pt ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Gidroksoniy kationida qaysi atom elektrono donor vazifasini bajaradi. =============================== azot ================================ vodorod ================================ # kislorod ============================== uglerod +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2,5 M li 250 ml eritma bilan 7,5 M li 750 ml eritmalar aralashtirilganda hosil bo’lgan yangi eritmaning molyar konsentratsiyasini toping. ================================== 6 ================================== # 6,25 ================================= 7,5 ================================= 6,5 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 87,5 gr mis kuparosi 122,5 ml suvda eritilganda hosil bo’lgan eritmaning foiz konsentratsiyasini toping. ============================= # 26,67 ================================== 41,67 =============================== 58,22 ================================ 66,67 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 57,2 gr Kristal soda suvda eritilganda 32 % li eritma olindi. Kristal soda qancha suvda eritilgan. =================================== 9 ================================ 18,1 ==================================== # 9,05 ================================= 18 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 24 g o’yuvchi natriy suvda eritilib 40 ml suvda eritilib eritma tayyorlandi. Shu eritmaning zichligini hisoblang. =============================== # 0,6 ============================== 1,67 ============================= 0,67 ================================ 1,5 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 240 gr 35 % li NaOH eritmasi bilan 180 gr 35 % li NaOH eritmasi aralashtirilganda hosil bo’lgan eritmadagi ishqorning konsentratsiyasini toping. ================================= # 35 ======================================== 63 ================================= 15 ================================== 20 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6,8 g vodorod sulfid suvda eritilib 250 ml eritma tayyorlandi. Eritmaning molyar konsentratsiyasini xisoblang. =============================== 0,6 =================================== 0,2 =============================== # 0,8 ================================ 1,2 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 55 % li va 45 % li eritmalardan 65 % li 450 gr eritma olindi.Shu eritmani tayyorlash uchun 45 % li va 55 % li eritmalardan necha gr dan kerak. ================================== 250;200 =============================== 300;150 ================================== 225;225 ================================ # tayyorlab bo’lmaydi ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 0,65 l 2,5 M li eritma tayyorlash uchun necha mol sulfat kislota kerakligini toping. ============================= # 1,625 ============================= 159,25 ============================= 1,65 ===================================== 1,25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 400 ml 0,2 M li eritma tayyorlash uchun soda kristallgidratidan necha g olish kerak ==================================== # 22,88 ================================= 28,6 ================================ 26,88 ================================== 8,48 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Temir bilan reaksiyaga (80 oC da ) kirishish uchun olingan 96% li 50 g sulfat kislota eritmasining 9 grammi ortib qoldi. Reaksiya uchun olingan temirning massasini (g) hisoblang. ================================ 16,8 =============================== 11,2 ================================ # 7,49 ================================ 5,6 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 litr 2 molyar eritma tayyorlash uchun qancha mol kaliy gidroksid kerak? =============================== 1 ================================ 0,004 ============================= 3 =========================== # 4 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 200 gr 40 % li tosh tuzi eritmasiga 40 gr tuz qo’shildi.Shu eritmadagi tosh tuzining foiz konsentratsiyasini hisoblang ================================ # 50 ================================ 40 ================================= 60 ================================ 33,33 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 20% li NaOH eritmasining (p=l,2 g/ml) molyar kontsentratsiyasi qanchaga teng bo’ladi? ================================== 5 ============================= # 6 =============================== 7 ================================ 8 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 400 ml (p=1,25 gr/ml) 35 % li eritmadan tayyorlash uchun uning 15 % li va 55 % li eritmalardan necha gr dan kerak. =============================== 300;200 ============================== 350;150 =============================== # 250;250 ============================ 100;400 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Konsentrasiyasi 5% (p=l,06g/ml) bo’lgan 700 ml va 300 ml 15 % (3=l,17g/ml) natriy gidroksid eritmalari aralashtirilganda hosil bo’lgan eritmaning molyar konsentrasiyasini hisoblang. ================================ 2,4 ================================= 2,8 ============================= 2,0 =============================== # 2,24 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Suvsiz sulfat kislota tayyorlash uchun 154 gr suvga qancha gr sulfat angidrid qo’shish kerak. ==================================== # 684,4 ============================= 34,65 ============================= 855,5 ========================== 640 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 450 ml 1,2 M li kalsiy xloridning eritmasi suyultirilganda, 0,8 M li eritma hosil bo’lgan. Hosil bo’lgan eritmaning hajmini (1) toping. =============================== 0,9 ================================== 1,2 ================================ 3,5 ================================= # 0,675 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 135,45∙1023 ta atom turgan Natriy sulfit 427,5 gr suvda eritildi.Hosil bolgan eritmadagi (p=0,96 gr/ml) Na2SO3 eritmasining molyar konsentratsiyasini hisoblang. =============================== 6 ================================ # 4 ============================= 5 ================================ 2,5 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 500 g 10 % li eritmadan 50% li eritma tayyorlash uchun unga 90 % li eritmadan qancha qo’shish kerak ============================= 450 ============================= # 500 ============================== 600 =========================== 50 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ CO2 gazi solingan idish (n.sh) suv ostida ochildi.Shu eritmadagi karbonat angidrid konsentratsiyasini % toping. ================================= 70,97 =============================== # 0,196 ================================ 1,96 ================================= 55,44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 60 % li 450 gr eritma tayyorlash uchun uning 40 % li va 50 % li eritmalardan necha gr kerak. ================================== 150;300 ============================= 250;200 =============================== 200;250 ================================ # tayyorlab bo’lmaydi. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 7,52 gr ishqoriy metall oksidi 152,48 gr suvda eritilganda hosil bo’lgan birikmaning massa ulushi 5,6 % ni tashkil qilsa, reaksiyaga olingan metallni aniqlang. ======================================= # kaliy ==================================== litiy ================================= seziy ================================== natriy +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1,5 mol KOH 316 ml suvda eritlidi hosil bo’lgan eritmadagi (p=1,22 gr/ml) KOH eritmasining molyar konsentratsiyasini hisoblang. ============================= 5,55 ============================= # 4,575 ============================== 4,75 =============================== 3,575 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Na2CO3* xH2O kristallgidratidagi suvning massa ulushi 62,94% ga teng bo‘lsa x ni aniqlang. ============================ # 12 ============================ 7 ============================ 5 =============================== 10 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Mis kuporosidagi misning massa ulushini hisoblang =============================== 25,6% ================================= 36% ================================= 12,8% ============================== 51,2% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Ikkita murakkab, bitta oddiy modda berilgan javobni belgilang. ============================== Fe, Сu, S6 =============================== CO2, CH4, P4 =============================================== KH, O2, O3 ================================== # P4, CO, O3 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Brom atomining maksimal qo’zg’algan holati-da uning tashqi elektron qobig’idagi d-elektronlar sonini hisoblang. ====================== 10 ==================== 1 ======================= 2 =================== # 3 +++++++++++++++++++++++ N-3 zarrachasining elektron konfiguratsiyasini ko’rsating. ========================= 1s22s22p3 ==================== 1s22s22p33d3 =========================== # 1s22s22p6 ========================== 1s22s22p23d4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Germaniy atomining asosiy holatidagi elektron konfiguratsiyasini ko’rsating. ==================== ... 4s14p3 ===================== ... 3d104p1 ========================= ... 3d94s2 =========================== # ... 4s24p2 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Qaysi qobiqcha 6s yoki 4f va 5p yoki 4d birinchi bo’lib to’ladi? ====================== 6s va 5p =============================== 4f va 4d =============================== 4f va 5p =========================== # 6s va 4d ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Elektron konfiguratsiyasi …5s24d2 bilan tugagan elementning yadro zaryadi qiymatini toping. ============================ # 40 ============================== 24 ============================== 22 ================================ 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Mis atomi, Cu+ va Cu+2 ionlarining 3d-qobiqchasida nechtadan elektron bo’ladi? ==================================== 10; 10; 10 ============== ================= 10; 9; 8 ================= ================== # 10; 10; 9 ==================================== 10; 9; 9 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ IV davr elementlaridan qaysilarining d-pog’onachasida toq elektronlar soni ko’proq? ============================== xrom ==================================== # xrom va marganes ================================== mis ================================= marganes va temir ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Ni+3 ioni nechta 3d-elektronga ega? ============================= 8 ============================== 6 ============================= 5 =============================== # 7 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Qaysi element atomi 3d-pog’onachada maksimal miqdorda bo’sh katakchalarga ega? ================================= # kalsiy =================== ==================== titan ================== =================== xrom =============================== vanadiy +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Davriy sistemaning II va IV guruhida elektron konfiguratsiyalari keltirilgan qaysi elementlar joylashmagan? 1) …4p2 2) …3p2 3) …2s2 4) …2p4 5) …3p4 6) …2p6 =================================================== 1,4,5 ====================================== 1,2,3 =============================== 3,4,5 ================ ===================== # 4,5,6 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Orbital kvant 3 ga teng bo’lgan elektron qobiq-chadagi elektronlaning maksimal sonini ko’rsating. ============================== 18 ================================== 8 ===================================== # 14 =================================== 32 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Qaysi formuladan pog’onachalardagi elektronlarning maksimal sonini hisoblab topish mumkin? ================================= n2 ===================================================== # 2(2l + 1) ============= ======================== 2n2 ============== ================== 2l + 1 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 10 g vodorod, 128 g mis, 54 g kumush va 3,0 g uglerod berilgan. Shu moddalar gramm-atomlari ortib borish tartibida joylashgan qatorni aniqlang: ==================================== # uglerod, kumush, mis, vodorod ==================================== vodorod, kumush, uglerod, mis ======================================== mis, vodorod, uglerod, kumush ========================================== vodorod, mis, kumush, uglerod ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 157,5 g nitrat kislotada necha gramm-molekula (mol) modda bo’ladi? ================================ 2,0 =============================== # 2,5 ===================================== 3,0 ====================================== 1,5 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Vodorod xloridning qanday miqdorida 3 mol xlor mavjud? =============================== 1 ===================================== # 3 ================================== 5 ============ ===================== 6 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Temir ammoniy achchiqtosh Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2∙6H2O ning 2,5 mol miqdoridagi kislorod atomlari nisbiy massasini hisoblang. =================================== # 560 ================================ 224 =============================== 320 =============================== 240 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Sariq qon tuzi K4[Fe(CN)6] ning molekulyar massasini toping. ============================ 156 ================================= # 368 ============================== 278 =============================== 468 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Yer qobig’i massasining 47,2% kislorod va 8,87% aluminiydan iborat. Undagi aluminiyning har bir atomiga kislorodning necha atomi to’g’ri keladi? ================================= 3 ============================= 12 ================================ # 9 ================================ 6 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Modda miqdori 2 mol bo’lgan [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 – geksaamminnikel(II)-xloridning massasini (g) hisoblang. ================================ 46,4 ============================== 232 ================================ 696 ============ ====================== # 464 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 10 mol (1) xlor; (2) vodorod; (3) vodorod xloridlarning massasi (g) keltirilgan qatorni ko’rsating. ============================= 35,5; 2; 36,5 ============================== 355; 20; 365 =========================== 71; 10; 365 =============================== # 710; 20; 365 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Oltingugurt va temir kukuni 8:14 og’irlik nisbatda bo’lsa, ularning mol nisbatlari qanday bo’ladi. ============================= 8:14 ======== ==================== 4:7 ========================== 2:1 ========================== # 1:1 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Besh mol kaliy sulfat tarkibidagi kaliy elementi necha gramm miqdordagi kaliy xlorid tarkibida bo’ladi? ========== ================= 750 ======================== 740 ========================= # 745 ============================ 755 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1,5 mol Cl2O va 3 mol N2O dagi kislorod atomlarining nisbatini toping. ============================= # 1:2 =========================== 1:3 =========================== 1:4 ========== ================= 1:5 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 mol suv va ikki mol H2SO4 dagi atomlar sonining nisbatini toping. ================================= # 1: 2,33 ============================= 1: 2,5 =========================== 1: 1,17 ========= ================== 1:1,5 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Quyidagi berilgan tuzlardan qaysi birlari gidrolizga uchramaydi? ================================ # kaliy nitrat, natriy xlorid ================================ temir (III)-xlorid, mis (H)-sulfat ===================================== temir (III)-atsetat, ammoniy karbonat ==================================== kaliy sulfid, natriy karbonat ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Qaysi tuzlar faqat kation bo‘yicha gidrolizga uchraydi? ================================== # rux sulfat, aluminiy nitrat =============================== kaliy sulfat, bariy nitrat ================================ natriy sulfat, kalsiy xlorid ==================================== natriy nitrit, kalsiy fosfat +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Vodorod yodid qaysi moddalar bilan qaytaruvchi sifatida reaksiyaga kirishadi? 1) xlor; 2) ammiak; 3) temir; 4) brom. ============================= 1, 3 ============================== # 1, 4 Download 97.79 Kb. 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