Engineering Principles of Agricultural Machines 2nd Edition

Subject Index ..........................................................................571

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Srivastava, A jitK ., Carroll E. Goering, R o g e r P. Rohrbach, and D ennis R. Buckm aster. 2006.
Agricultural m echanization and som e m ethods o f study. C hapter 1 in Engineering P rinciples o f 
Agricultural M achines, 2nd e d „ 1-14. St. Joseph, M ichigan: ASABE. Copyright Am erican Society o f
Agricultural and Biological Engineers.
AGRICULTURAL 
MECHANIZATION 
AND SOME 
METHODS OF STUDY
INTRODUCTION
Many factors have contributed to agricultural mechanization. Reducing human 
drudgery, increasing productivity, improving timeliness of agricultural operations such 
as planting and harvesting, and reducing peak labor demands are among the most com­
pelling. Farm work is physically demanding and the working conditions are often harsh. 
It is less strenuous to drive a tractor than to till the soil with a spade all day long. A trac­
tor pulling a plow can cultivate a larger area than a human with a spade in the same 
amount of time, thereby increasing productivity and timeliness. Timeliness is an impor­
tant factor in agricultural production. Completing certain farming operations such as 
planting and harvesting in a timely manner increases yields and improves profitability. 
Farming operations are seasonal with fluctuating labor demand. More labor is needed 
during planting and harvesting than during other periods of plant growth. This fluctua­
tion in labor demand creates labor management problems. With mechanization it is pos­
sible to reduce peak labor demand and maintain a more stable labor force on the farm.
1.1 
HISTORY OF MECHANIZED 
AGRICULTURE
Even though great changes have taken place in the field of agriculture, soil still has 
to be tilled; seeds still have to be planted in the soil; the growing crop still has to be 
tended and cared for; and the crops still have to be harvested and threshed. However, 
the manner in which these operations are performed have changed drastically.
One of the earliest plows used to till soil was a wooden plow pulled either by hu­
mans or draft animals. As we learned to work with steel, moldboard plows were de­
veloped. The moldboard plow was a major development, since it turned the soil for 
better weed control and soil aeration. The seeds were planted by broadcasting them by 
hand. A major development in planting occurred when we learned to plant seeds in 
rows using dibble sticks in the early stages and later on with planters. Planting in rows 
had the advantage of controlling the plant population and facilitated better weed con­
trol during the plant growth period.

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