English faculty II english theoretical aspects Department№2

Part 1 of Rule 5 applies when the singular noun finishes in "y" with a consonant prior to it. In this case, the "y" is replaced with "i" and "es" is added at the end. Examples include "story" becoming "stories", "hobby" becoming "hobbies", "army" becoming "armies", "fly" becoming "flies", and "baby" becoming "babies".
Part 2 of Rule 5 applies when the singular noun finishes in "y" with a vowel prior to it. In this case, only "s" is added at the end. Examples include "donkey" becoming "donkeys", "toy" becoming "toys", "day" becoming "days", "joy" becoming "joys", and "play" becoming "plays" .
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Rule 6 applies when the singular noun finishes in "o" with a consonant prior to it. In this case, "es" is attached at the end. Examples include "hero" becoming "heroes", "mango" becoming "mangoes", "zero" becoming "zeroes", "potato" becoming "potatoes", and "echo" becoming "echoes" .
However, there are exceptions to Rule 6. Some nouns, such as "photo", "piano", and "radio", only use "s" at the end. Other nouns, such as "mosquito", "commando", and "portico", can use both "s" and "es" at the end.
It's important to keep these rules in mind when forming plural nouns, as using the wrong form can lead to confusion and misunderstandings.
Some need "en", "ren", and "ne" to add at end. For example, "ox" becomes "oxen", "child" becomes "children", "brother" becomes "brethren" (although "brothers" is also correct), "cow" becomes "kine" (although "cows" is also correct), and "sister" becomes "sistren" (although "sisters" is also correct) .
However, if "man" implies to a human being in a compound noun (a noun which comprises two or more terms that together make a single noun), "men" replaces "man", as in "salesman" becomes "salesmen", "Truman" becomes "trumen", "sailor man" becomes "sailor men", "man-of-war" becomes "men-of-war", and "saleswoman" becomes "saleswomen" .
However when "man" is just portion of the word, or it implies to any ethnic group, race or civilian, "s" occurs, as in "Muslim" becomes "Muslims", "Brahman" becomes "Brahmans", "German" becomes "Germans", and "Norman" becomes "Normans".
Rule 7: When there's a "ful" at the end, "s" is added, as in "handful" becomes "handfuls", "mouthful" becomes "mouthfuls", "spoonful" becomes "spoonfuls", "armful" becomes "armfuls", and "cupful" becomes "cupfuls" .
When a compound noun comprises multiple words, the pluralizing "s" is added to the main part of the noun. For example, "mother-in-law" becomes "mothers-in-law," "passer-through" becomes "passers-through," "sister" becomes "sisters," "Attorney-at-law" becomes "attorneys-at-law," and "Hangout spot" becomes "Hangout - spots".

In some cases, "s" is attached to each portion of the compound noun to make it plural. For example, "attorney" becomes "attorneys," "maid" becomes "maids," and "Child" becomes "children.
Rule 8: Some nouns only need to add "s" to become plural, while others require a change in spelling to become plural. For example, "book-shelf" becomes "book-shelves" and "major-general" becomes "major-generals." However, not all compound nouns accompany this rule. Some, like "forget-me-not," remain the same in the plural form.
Rule 9: Some nouns have no plural form and are only utilized in the singular form. These nouns include "furniture," "scenery," "issue," "bread," and "expenditure".