English Through Reading
E X E R C I S E 3: Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1
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E X E R C I S E 3: Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1.
1. The workers at the motor parts factory, who to asbestos dust, are not provided with sufficient safety equipment. 2. The sale of stolen garden machinery and bicycles is so at second- hand markets that the police have suggested closing these markets down. 3. Your hotel is ideally situated for you, as there are several art galleries 4. Charles makes small garden ornaments by clay into plastic moulds, and then he sells them by the side of the road. 5. In 480 BC, the Persians burned or everything on the Acropolis in Athens and killed its defenders, but within 13 years, the ruins had been cleared away and the walls had been rebuilt. ELS • 363 MINIATURE ADULTS Perhaps the best description of the children who attended schools in the 18th and 19th centuries is by the English novelist Charles Dickens: pale and worn-out faces, lank and bony figures, children with the expressions of old men.... There was childhood with the light of its eyes quenched, its beauty gone, and its helplessness alone remaining. It is no wonder then that Johann Heinrich Pestaiozzi's (1746-1827) school at Yverdon, Switzerland, created international attention and attracted thousands of European and American visitors from educational circles. What they saw was a school for children - for real children, not miniature adults. They saw physically active children running, jumping and playing. They saw small children learning the names of numbers by counting real objects and preparing to learn reading by playing with letter blocks. They saw older children engaged in object lessons - progressing in their study of geography from observing the area around the school, measuring it, making their own relief maps of it, and finally seeing a professionally executed map of it. This was the school and these were the methods developed by Pestalozzi in accordance with his belief that the goal of education should be the natural development of the individual child, and that educators should focus on the development of the child rather than on memorization of subject matter that he was unable to understand. Pestaiozzi's school also mirrored the idea that learning begins with firsthand observation of an object and moves gradually toward the remote and abstract realm of words and ideas. The teacher's job was to guide, not distort, the natural growth of the child by selecting his experiences and then directing those experiences toward the realm of ideas. Download 1.82 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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