Environmental laboratory exercises for instrumental analysis and

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Environmental Laboratory Exercises for Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry

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Cover
Title Page: ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY EXERCISES FOR INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
ISBN 0471488569
CONTENTS (with page links)
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
TO THE INSTRUCTOR
PART 1 PRELIMINARY EXERCISES
1 HOW TO KEEP A LEGALLY DEFENSIBLE LABORATORY NOTEBOOK
2 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
- BACKGROUND
- LINEAR LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS
- STUDENT’S t TEST'
- PROPAGATION OF UNCERTAINTY
- REFERENCES
- ASSIGNMENT
3 FIELD SAMPLING EQUIPMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES
- BACKGROUND
- ATMOSPHERIC SAMPLING
- WATER SAMPLING
- GROUNDWATER SAMPLING
- SEDIMENT/SLUDGE SAMPLING
- SOIL SAMPLING
- IN-SITU ANALYSIS
- SAMPLE PRESERVATION AND STORAGE
PART 2 EXPERIMENTS FOR AIR SAMPLES
4 DETERMINATION OF HENRY’S LAW CONSTANTS
- BACKGROUND
- THEORY
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
- IN THE LABORATORY
  - Safety Precautions
  - Chemicals and Solutions
  - Equipment and Glassware
- PROCEDURE
  - Waste Disposal
- ASSIGNMENT
- ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT
5 GLOBAL WARMING: DETERMINING IF A GAS IS INFRARED ACTIVE
- BACKGROUND
- THEORY
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
- IN THE LABORATORY
  - Safety Precautions
  - Chemicals
  - Equipment
  - Waste Disposal
- ASSIGNMENT
- ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT
6 MONITORING THE PRESENCE OF HYDROCARBONS IN AIR AROUND GASOLINE STATIONS
- BACKGROUND
- THEORY
- REFERENCES
- IN THE LABORATORY
  - Safety Precautions
  - Chemicals and Solutions
  - GC Conditions
  - Equipment and Glassware
- PROCEDURE
  - Week 1
  - Week 2
  - Waste Disposal
- ASSIGNMENT
- ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT
- DATA COLLECTION SHEET
PART 3 EXPERIMENTS FOR WATER SAMPLES
7 DETERMINATION OF AN ION BALANCE FOR A WATER SAMPLE
- BACKGROUND
- THEORY
- REFERENCES
- IN THE LABORATORY
  - Safety Precautions
  - Glassware
  - Chemicals and Solutions
- PROCEDURE
- IC Analysis
- FAAS Analysis
- Waste Disposal
- ASSIGNMENT
- ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT
8 MEASURING THE CONCENTRATION OF CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN WATER SAMPLES
- BACKGROUND
- THEORY
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
- IN THE LABORATORY
  - Safety Precautions
  - Chemicals and Solutions
  - Glassware
  - GC Conditions
- PROCEDURE
  - Waste Disposal
- ASSIGNMENT
- ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT
9 DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDE, BROMIDE, AND FLUORIDE IN WATER SAMPLES
- BACKGROUND
- THEORY
- REFERENCES
- IN THE LABORATORY
  - Safety Precautions
  - Chemicals
  - Equipment and Glassware
- PROCEDURE
  - Waste Disposal
- ASSIGNMENT
- ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT
- DATA COLLECTION SHEET
10 ANALYSIS OF NICKEL SOLUTIONS BY ULTRAVIOLET–VISIBLE SPECTROMETRY
- BACKGROUND
- THEORY
- REFERENCES
- IN THE LABORATORY
  - Chemicals
  - Equipment and Glassware
  - Preparation of Standards
- PROCEDURE
  - Optional Procedures
  - Waste Disposal
- ASSIGNMENT
- ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT
- DATA COLLECTION SHEET
PART 4 EXPERIMENTS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE
11 DETERMINATION OF THE COMPOSITION OF UNLEADED GASOLINE USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
- BACKGROUND
- THEORY
- REFERENCE
- IN THE LABORATORY
  - Safety and Precautions
  - Chemicals and Solutions
  - Equipment and Glassware
- GC Settings
- PROCEDURE
  - Week 1: Determining the Retention Times
  - Week 2: Determining the Composition of Unleaded Gasoline
  - Waste Disposal
- ASSIGNMENT
- ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT
- DATA COLLECTION SHEET
12 PRECIPITATION OF METALS FROM HAZARDOUS WASTE
- BACKGROUND
- THEORY
- REFERENCES
- IN THE LABORATORY
  - Safety Precautions
  - Chemicals and Solutions
  - Equipment and Glassware
- PROCEDURE
  - Group 1: Copper
  - Group 2: Nickel
  - Group 3: Chromium
- PRECIPITATION OF METALS FROM HAZARDOUS WASTE: DATA COLLECTION SHEET 1
- Solution Preparation
- Data Collection
- PRECIPITATION OF METALS FROM HAZARDOUS WASTE: DATA COLLECTION SHEET 2
- PRECIPITATION OF METALS FROM HAZARDOUS WASTES: DATA COLLECTION SHEET 3
- PRECIPITATION OF METALS FROM HAZARDOUS WASTE: DATA COLLECTION SHEET 4
- Optional Unknown
- DATA COLLECTION SHEET
13 DETERMINATION OF THE NITROAROMATICS IN SYNTHETIC WASTEWATER FROM A MUNITIONS PLANT
- BACKGROUND
- THEORY
- REFERENCE
- IN THE LABORATORY
  - Safety Precautions
  - Chemicals and Solutions
  - Equipment and Glassware
- PROCEDURE
  - Waste Disposal
- ASSIGNMENT
- ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT
- DATA COLLECTION SHEET
14 DETERMINATION OF A SURROGATE TOXIC METAL IN A SIMULATED HAZARDOUS WASTE SAMPLE
- BACKGROUND
- THEORY
- REFERENCES
- IN THE LABORATORY
- USEFUL REFERENCES
- PROCEDURE I
  - Determination of Ca Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and External Standards
- PROCEDURE II
  - Determination of Ca Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, External Standards, and a Releasing Agent
- PROCEDURE III
  - Determination of Ca Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and the Standard Addition Technique with a Releasing Agent
- PROCEDURE IV
  - Determination of Ca Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and the Standard Addition Technique without a Releasing Agent
- PROCEDURE V
  - Determination of Ca Using the EDTA Titration
- PROCEDURE VI
  - Determination of Ca Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Ion-Specific Electrodes
- PROCEDURE VII
  - Additional Procedure
- ASSIGNMENT
15 REDUCTION OF SUBSTITUTED NITROBENZENES BY ANAEROBIC HUMIC ACID SOLUTIONS
- BACKGROUND
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
- IN THE LABORATORY
  - Safety Precautions
  - Chemicals and Solutions
  - Equipment
- PROCEDURE
  - Preparation of Experimental Solutions in Serum Vials
  - Waste Disposal
- ASSIGNMENT
- ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT
PART 5 EXPERIMENTS FOR SEDIMENT AND SOIL SAMPLES
16 SOXHLET EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS OF A SOIL OR SEDIMENT SAMPLE CONTAMINATED WITH n-PENTADECANE
- BACKGROUND
- METHODS OF EXTRACTION
- THEORY
- REFERENCES
- IN THE LABORATORY
  - Source of Error and Internal Standards
  - PreLab Demonstrations
  - Safety Precautions
  - Chemicals and Solutions
  - Equipment and Glassware
  - GC Conditions
- PROCEDURE
  - Week 1
  - Week 2
  - Results
- ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT
- DATA COLLECTION SHEET
17 DETERMINATION OF A CLAY–WATER DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENT FOR COPPER
- BACKGROUND
- THEORY
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
- IN THE LABORATORY
  - Safety Precautions
  - Chemicals and Solutions
  - Equipment and Glassware
- PROCEDURE
  - Week 1
  - Week 2
  - Waste Disposal
- ASSIGNMENT
- ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT
- DATA COLLECTION SHEET
PART 6 WET EXPERIMENTS
18 DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN WATER USING THE WINKLER METHOD
- BACKGROUND
- THEORY
- REFERENCES
- IN THE LABORATORY
  - Safety Precautions
  - Chemicals and Solutions
  - Glassware
- PROCEDURE
  - Standardization of Sodium Thiosulfate Titrant
  - Waste Disposal
- ASSIGNMENT
- ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT
19 DETERMINATION OF THE BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF SEWAGE INFLUENT
- BACKGROUND
- THEORY
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
- IN THE LABORATORY
  - Safety Precautions
  - Chemicals and Solutions
  - Equipment and Glassware
- PROCEDURES
  - Preparation of Dilution Water
  - Seeding
  - pH Adjustment
  - Chlorine Removal
  - Setup and Titration of BOD Samples
  - Waste Disposal
- ASSIGNMENT
- ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT
- DATA COLLECTION SHEET
20 DETERMINATION OF INORGANIC AND ORGANIC SOLIDS IN WATER SAMPLES: MASS BALANCE EXERCISE
- BACKGROUND
- THEORY
- REFERENCES
- IN THE LABORATORY
  - Equipment and Glassware
- PROCEDURE
  - Group I: Total (TS), Fixed (FS), and Volatile Solids (VS) (Boxes 1 and 2 in Figure 20-1)
  - Group II: Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Suspended Volatile Solids (SVS) (Boxes 3 and 4 in Figure 20-1)
  - Group III: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Dissolved Volatile Solids (DVS) (Boxes 5 and 6 in Figure 20-1)
- ASSIGNMENT
- DATA COLLECTION SHEET
21 DETERMINATION OF ALKALINITY OF NATURAL WATERS
- BACKGROUND
- THEORY
- REFERENCES
- IN THE LABORATORY
  - Safety Precautions
  - Chemicals and Solutions
  - Glassware
- PROCEDURE
  - Waste Disposal
- ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT
22 DETERMINATION OF HARDNESS IN A WATER SAMPLE
- BACKGROUND
- THEORY
- REFERENCES
- IN THE LABORATORY
  - Safety Precautions
  - Chemicals and Solutions
  - Glassware
- PROCEDURE
  - Waste Disposal
- ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT
- DATA COLLECTION SHEET
PART 7 FATE AND TRANSPORT CALCULATIONS
23 pC–pH DIAGRAMS: EQUILIBRIUM DIAGRAMS FOR WEAK ACID AND BASE SYSTEMS
- BACKGROUND
- CLOSED SYSTEMS
- OPEN SYSTEMS
- REFERENCES
- ASSIGNMENT
- To Print a Graph from Fate
24 FATE AND TRANSPORT OF POLLUTANTS IN RIVERS AND STREAMS
- BACKGROUND
- CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF GOVERNING FATE AND TRANSPORT EQUATION
  - Instantaneous Pollutant Input
  - Step Pollutant Input
  - Mathematical Approach to a Lake System
  - Instantaneous Pollutant Input Model
  - Step Pollutant Input Model
- REFERENCES
- ASSIGNMENT
- To Print a Graph from Fate
25 FATE AND TRANSPORT OF POLLUTANTS IN LAKE SYSTEMS
- BACKGROUND
- CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF GOVERNING FATE AND TRANSPORT EQUATION
  - Instantaneous Pollutant Input
  - Step Pollutant Input
  - Mathematical Approach to a Lake System
  - Instantaneous Pollutant Input Model
  - Step Pollutant Input Model
- REFERENCES
- ASSIGNMENT
- To Print a Graph from Fate
26 FATE AND TRANSPORT OF POLLUTANTS IN GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS
- BACKGROUND
- CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF GOVERNING FATE AND TRANSPORT EQUATION
  - Instantaneous Pollutant Input
  - Step Pollutant Input
  - Mathematical Approach to a Lake System
  - Instantaneous Pollutant Input
  - Step Pollutant Input
- REFERENCES
- ASSIGNMENT
- To Print a Graph from Fate
27 TRANSPORT OF POLLUTANTS IN THE ATMOSPHERE
- BACKGROUND
- STEP INPUT (PLUME MODEL) OF POLLUTANT
- PULSE INPUT (PUFF MODEL) OF POLLUTION
- REFERENCES
- ASSIGNMENT
- To Print a Graph from Fate
28 BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND AND THE DISSOLVED OXYGEN SAG CURVE IN A STREAM: STREETER–PHELPS EQUATION
- BACKGROUND
- CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE GOVERNING FATE AND TRANSPORT EQUATION
- MATHEMATICAL APPROACH TO A LAKE SYSTEM
- REFERENCES
- ASSIGNMENT
- To Print a Graph from Fate
APPENDIX A PERIODIC TABLE
INDEX (with page links)
Back Page

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