Eu institutions in external relations


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First and third pillars merged, by submitting third pillar to supranational methods as well

  • First and third pillars merged, by submitting third pillar to supranational methods as well

  • EC does not exist any more (Euratom continues)

  • EU acquires legal personality and becomes subject in international relations



European Commission

  • European Commission

  • European Council

  • Council (of Ministers; of the EU)

  • European Parliament

  • Court of Justice of the European Union

  • Court of Auditors

  • Other bodies: EcoSoc, Committee of the Regions, European Central Bank, European Investment Bank

  • Europol, Eurojust, agencies, etc.



Supranational pillar – exclusive initator of the legislative process

  • Supranational pillar – exclusive initator of the legislative process

  • CFSP pillar – legislative initiative shared with MSs

  • Principal policy-maker in the EU

  • Overseas the implementation of the EU law in Member States (“guardian of the Treaties”)

  • Politically responsible to the EP

  • 28 Commissioners



PRESIDENT OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION

  • PRESIDENT OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION

  •  Prominent role internally & externally

  • Art. 17(6)(b) TEU: “The President of the Commission shall decide on the internal organisation of the Commission, ensuring that it acts consistently, efficiently and as a collegiate body.”

  •  appoints Vice-Presidents and makes a member resign - Post-Lisbon slightly strengthened role – no College approval needed

  • Competing powers (post-Lisbon):

  • 1) President of the European Council

  • 2) High Representative

  • José Manuel Barroso

  • -> Jean-Claude Juncker



Decisions in certain areas require approval from the college of Commissioners:

  • Decisions in certain areas require approval from the college of Commissioners:

    • International Cooperation and Development (Mimica)
    • Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection
    • Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations
    • Trade
    • Energy
    • Foreign Policy Instruments Service


“Summit”

  • “Summit”

    • Defines general political directions and priorities
    • Heads of State or Government of MSs, together with its President and the President of the Commission – post-Lisbon High Rep. takes part in its work
    • Meets at least 4 time a year
    • Post-Lisbon: recognized as an EU institution


  • PRESIDENT OF THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL

  • New function! Attributed to an individual for 2,5 year

  • Herman Van Rompuy -> Donald Tusk



PRESIDENT OF THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL

  • PRESIDENT OF THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL

  • Reaction to the weaknesses of the rotating six-months depersonalised Presidency of the Council

  • The Presidency of the Council/European Council was, at the start, intended mostly for internal purposes, but over the years it acquired a central role externally in CFSP

  • Post-Lisbon: Individual Presidency of the European Council remains contrasted to MSs’ Presidency of he Council

  • Role: chair meetings of the European Council; ensure its functioning; present a report to the EP; ensure external representation of the Union in CFSP at his/her level and in that capacity (15(6) TEU)

  • Is his external role competing with that of High Representative?



Legislative institution

    • Legislative institution
    • Different formations – 1 representative from each MS at ministerial level (e.g. GAC, ECOFIN)
    • Levels of decision-making
    • MinisterialCOREPER I and II working groups
    • Presided by the the rotating Presidency
    • Except: Council of Ministers of Foreign Affaies – presided by the High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy
    • Decision-making: qualified majority as a rule, rarely -simple majority or unanimity


HIGH REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNION FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND SECURITY POLICY

  • HIGH REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNION FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND SECURITY POLICY

  • Union Minister of Foreign Affairs (Constitution)

  • Amsterdam: High Representative for CFSP (18(3)EU)

  • Catherine Ashton -> Federica Mogherini



HIGH REPRESENTATIVE

  • HIGH REPRESENTATIVE

  • Roles:

  • 1) Presiding over the Foreign Affairs Council

  • 2) Commission Vice-President

  • Duties (Art. 18 TEU):

  • 1) Conducting the EU CFSP

  • 2) Responsible for external relations in the Comm.

  • 3) Ensuring the consistency of EU external action



EU diplomatic service (since 2011)

  • EU diplomatic service (since 2011)

  • helps High Representative to carry out CFSP

  • Composed of the EU and national diplomats

  • Headquarters in Bruxelles

  • More than 140 delegations worldwide

  • Cooperates with other institutions involved in foreign policy



European President?

  • European President?

  • European Commission President?

  • High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy?



Legislative institution

  • Legislative institution

  • 751 MEPs

  • Minimum 6, maximum 96 per MS

  • Direct elections every 5 years; number of MEPs distributed according to national quotas

  • Last elections: May 2014

  • Croatia has 11 MEPs



MEPs grouped according to political affiliation, not national

  • MEPs grouped according to political affiliation, not national

  • Largest party: EPP, followed by S&D; Greens …

  • Eurosceptics also represented

  • President: Martin Schulz

  • (until January 2017)



Parliamentary committees:

  • Parliamentary committees:

    • the Committee on Foreign Affairs with two subcommittees –
      • Security and Defence and
      • Human Rights
    • the Committee on International Trade,
    • the Committee on Development


Parlimanetary delegations (34 standing inter-parliamentary delegations)

  • Parlimanetary delegations (34 standing inter-parliamentary delegations)

  • EP budgetary power

  • EP role in ratification of international agreements



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