Europe in 1914
The Road to World War I- Nationalism and Internal Dissent
- Diplomacy based on brinkmanship
- Socialist labor movements create fear
- Militarism
- Conscription
- Influence of military leaders
- The Outbreak of War: Summer of 1914
- Serbia
- Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and Sophia, June 28, 1914
- German “blank check” to Austria
- Russian mobilization
- Schlieffen Plan
World War I, 1914-1918
The Great War- Illusions and Stalemate, 1914-1915
- Failure of the Schlieffen Plan
- First Battle of the Marne, September 6-10, 1914
- Russian failures
- Battle of Tannenberg, August 30, 1914
- Battle of Masurian Lakes, September 15, 1914
- Driven out of Galicia and Serbia
- The Great Slaughter, 1916-1917
- Trench warfare
- Two lines from English Channel to Switzerland
- “Live and let live”
- Battle of Verdun, 1916, 700,000 killed in 10 months
The Eastern Front, 1914-1918 The Eastern Front, 1914-1918
Widening the War - Widening the War
- Battle of Gallipoli, April 1915
- Italy enters the war, May 1915, against Austria-Hungary
- Bulgaria enters the war, September 1915, on the side of the Central Powers
- Middle East
- Lawrence of Arabia (1888-1935
- Sinking of the Lusitania, May 7, 1915
- Return to unrestricted submarine warfare January 1917
- United States enters the war, April 6, 1917
- Bolshevik Revolution, 1917
The Home Front: The Impact of Total War The Home Front: The Impact of Total War- Total War: Political Centralization and Economic Regimentation
- Politics
- Economics
- Public order and public opinion
- Strikes
- Internal opposition
- Use of Force
Loss of civil liberties - Propaganda
- Social Impact of Total War
- Labor benefits
- New roles for women
- Male resistance in industry
- War as a social leveler
Russian Civil War, 1918-1921 Russian Civil War, 1918-1921
War and Revolution War and Revolution- The Russian Revolution
- Revolution of 1905
- Tsar Nicholas II
- Tsarina Alexandra
- Actions in Petrograd, March 8, 1917
- Provisional Government
- Alexander Kerensky (1881-1970)
- Soviets
- Social Democrats, V.I. Lenin (1870-1824)
- Bolsheviks
- Army Order No. 1
The Boleshevik Revolution - The Boleshevik Revolution
- Bolesheviks control Petrograd and Moscow soviets
- Collapse of Provisional Government, November 6-7, 1917
- Alexander Kollontai (1872-1952)
- Civil war, 1918-1921
- Bolshevik army
- White army
- Red Terror by the Cheka
- Allied invasion
- Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, March 3, 1918
- The Last Year of the War
- Last German offensive, March 21-July 18, 1918
- Allied counterattack, Second Battle of the Marne, July 18, 1918
- William II abdicates, November 9, 1918
- Armistice, November 11, 1918
- Revolutionary Upheavals in Germany and Austria-Hungary
- Social Democrats
- Independent Social Democratic Party
- German Communist Party
- “Second revolution”, January 1919
- Ethnic minorities in Austria-Hungary
Europe in 1919
The Peace Settlement The Peace Settlement- Palace of Versailles, January 1919, 27 Allied nations
- Woodrow Wilson, Fourteen Points
- Georges Clemenceau of France concerned with his nation’s security
- Lloyd George determined to punish Germany
- Five separate treaties, the most important being the Treaty of Versailles with Germany
- Territorial changes in Europe
- Dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire
- United States Senate rejects the Versailles Peace Treaty
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