Europe wanted tradeWorld divided into independent spheresLimited previous contact with the Americas had occurredVikings
Most educated men believed that the world was round Most educated men believed that the world was roundThere were certainly stories of other lands, but they were not focused on the Western Hemisphere
Trade routes expanded Trade routes expandedEuropeans developed a taste for Asian goodsThe development of banking
Caravels CaravelsShip technologyArmaments
Astrolabe AstrolabeCompassPractical knowledge of winds and currents
SEARCH FOR RESOURCES AND LAND SEARCH FOR RESOURCES AND LAND
TRADE CONTACTS
MISSIONARY ACTIVITY
The Portuguese began the era of European exploration The Portuguese began the era of European explorationThe Portuguese were dependent on the seasOcean access helped Portugal
Son of the king of Portugal Son of the king of PortugalHad been a crusaderInvestigated possible trade opportunities in Africa
Originally explored Africa Established navigational schoolMotivation
West African coast West African coastTrade developed
Began around 1443 Began around 1443Pope Nicholas V sanctioned the slave tradeLocal slave trade already existedSugar plantations
Traveled the coast of Africa Traveled the coast of AfricaAround the tip of southern Africa in 1488Returned to Portugal
Strong relationship with the Kongo Strong relationship with the Kongo
1498, sailed for India 1498, sailed for India Reached IndiaSea route
Largest European empire in Asia Largest European empire in AsiaTrade with the Arabian PeninsulaOther trade interests in East AsiaTrade with India
16th-century commander 16th-century commanderSeized control of several critical portsDifficult to secure full control over the areaFirst governor general in India
Control over the empire weakened Control over the empire weakenedPortugal taken over in 1580Other European countries seized Portuguese interests throughout Asia
Did not focus on Asian markets Did not focus on Asian markets Established a colony in the Philippines
Latecomers to Asia Latecomers to AsiaEstablished East India CompaniesThe English, French, and Dutch
Empires in the New World—the result of a mistake Empires in the New World—the result of a mistakeConsequences
Italian navigator Italian navigator Sought patron for his exploration ideaSailed under the title “Admiral of the Seas”
Sailed west Sailed westFound land in the CaribbeanBelieved he was in Asia
The Spanish were delightedSecond journeyThird journeyFourth journey
Early life Early lifeExplorationNaming the New World
Other explorers Other explorersMotivationsSpanish conquistadors
Conquered the Aztec Empire (1519–1521) Conquered the Aztec Empire (1519–1521)Defeated MontezumaGovernor of Mexico
Conquered the Incas Conquered the IncasHeld Atahualpa, the Inca ruler, prisonerOnce he controlled the area, he exploited the Incas
Pedro Alvares Cabral
Explored the coast of South America Explored the coast of South AmericaEntered Pacific Ocean
Difficult Pacific journey Difficult Pacific journeyPhilippines and the IndiesJuan Sebastian del Cano
Portuguese and Spanish colonize New World Portuguese and Spanish colonize New WorldTreaty of Tordesillas
Built an enormous empire in the Americas Built an enormous empire in the Americas
Christian missionaries
Exploitation of gold and silver Exploitation of gold and silverPlantations establishedTrade increased
Pedro Cabral Pedro CabralOrganization and structure of BrazilEconomic opportunities
Samuel de Champlain Samuel de ChamplainFursJesuit missionaries
Mississippi and Louisiana Mississippi and LouisianaNew France remained small
“Northwest Passage” to Asia “Northwest Passage” to AsiaHenry VIII Failure to find Northwest Passage
Slow colonizationThe 13 coloniesCauses of migration
Although much of the conflict was between the Europeans and the lands they conquered, there was also conflict between the Europeans over colonial interests. Although much of the conflict was between the Europeans and the lands they conquered, there was also conflict between the Europeans over colonial interests.
European diseases European diseasesSmallpox, measles, influenza, and whooping cough
Population changes Population changesMigration and colonizationForced migration
World connected by trade World connected by tradeSilver, bullionism, and mercantilism
How it workedEuropean supremacy
One of the most critical events in modern history One of the most critical events in modern historyCreation of world networkNew role for Europe
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