Эволюцияси, трансформацияси ва лексикографик

transformation in new era appropriations”. The spiritual development of the 
loanwords of the independence period in the explanatory dictionary is not the 
same. Based on their capabilities, they are being formed at different levels and 
stages of semantic evolution. Some of them have already been confirmed as 
polysemantic words, while some of them are units that are on the verge of semantic 
re-formation, forming a new concept in the mind of a person, or more precisely, 
moving from the monosemantic stage to the polysemantic stage. For example, in 
the explanatory dictionary, words such as presentation, file, pager, paging are 
monosemantic, and loanwords such as out, discount, colorit, oval, tutor, hacker, 
khaki, hall are polysemantic. There are many common words such as video clip, 
drone, bestseller, bookmaker that are active in speech, so it is important to include 
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https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/drone

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46 
them in explanatory dictionaries and to describe them in a semantically appropriate 
manner. 
The issue of semantic transformation of loanwords in the lexis is clarified by 
comparing the units in explanatory dictionaries created before and after 
independence. The result of the comparisons shows that the methods of transfer of 
names of appropriations occur mainly on the basis of metaphor. The development 
of the resulting meaning can be observed in the analysis of words such asletter of 
credit, engraving, disk. 
Another feature of appropriations is that they take a place in the lexis within a 
group or a specific system – as a whole. The settlement of a single word in the 
system in the new vocabulary creates a need for the words in this system to be 
placed around it. For example, the word cryptocurrency is associated with 
blockchain, forging, bitcoin, mining, miner (as well as coined digital currency, 
electronic wallet). 
The development of derived meaning can also be observed in the gradual 
development of the meanings of words such as credit card, engraving, disk, 
background. The sememe of the background lexeme can be expressed by the 
expression “color separated from the colors of the image”. The word 
“background” (fr. fond < lat. fundus – base, base, ground), which has the 
characteristic of formation, has three meanings in the explanatory dictionary 
published during the period of independence. In the explanatory dictionary of the 
old edition, its two meanings are explained. In it, as a general meaning, “the main 
color with which a picture is drawn (painted), something is depicted, different 
from the colors of the picture”, as well as “the view behind someone or something 
that stands out; two concepts in the form of the main picture, the landscape behind 
the picture” are given. In the dictionary of the new edition, these two concepts are 
separated as primary and derivative meanings from the point of view of the fact 
that they are formed as separate meanings in the language. The explanation of 
“movable general condition, situation, environment” is given in the third meaning 
of the word. The transition of names between primary and secondary meanings is 
based on the “behind the scenes” theme. 
The third section of the third chapter of the dissertation is called