Evstifeeva M. Teoreticheskaya fonetika angl yazyka pdf
III. The distribution of vowels according to their length
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Lecture 3
III.
The distribution of vowels according to their length into long and short from the articulatory point of view is stated by all linguists. The antagonism of foreign and home linguists lies in the field of phonology. British and American phoneticians consider vowel length to be an essential phonemic feature whereas Russian scientists don’t treat it as phonologically relevant. They underline that physical duration of a vow- el in connected speech depends on many factors and doesn’t always serve as the only distinctive feature. 44 The explanation of such a considerable difference in the approaches to the second and third criteria is quite simple. In fact, the criteria of tongue position and vowel length are interconnected from the point of view of their functional significance. Foreign linguists do not single out the classes of front-retracted and back-advanced vowels when analyzing the horizontal movements of the tongue. They also do not distribute vo- wels into broad and narrow variants when dealing with the vertical move- ments of the tongue. So the number of vowel classes distinguished on the basis of the tongue position is fairly smaller which results in different views on the criterion of vowel length. This can be clearly illustrated by the example of vowels [i:, ı, u:, u]. According to the approach of Russian linguists, they belong to the same vowel classes, but differ in subclases: [i:] front, close narrow vowel — [ı] front-retracted, close broad vowel; [u:] back, close narrow vowel — [u] back-advanced, close broad vowel. Therefore the distinction of minimal pairs like Pete [pi:t] — pit [pıt], pool [pu:l] — pull [pul] is made with the help of functional features based on different positions of the tongue. Thus the length of vowels is not considered to be relevant. In foreign linguistics the classification of vowels according to the tongue position is not so precise. Therefore both [i:] and [ı] are classed as front vowels, both [u:] and [u] — as back ones. In this case word-meaning in oppositions like beat [bi:t] — bit [bıt], seat [si:t] — sit [sıt] can be dif- ferentiated only with the help of vowel length which should be taken into consideration as a phonologically relevant factor. Download 322.48 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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