Exploiting the Artic

Exploiting the Artic

Plan:

1. 
   Geological structure.
   
2. 
   Flora and fauna.
   
3. 
   Relief.
   
4. 
   Climate.
   

1. 
   In the Arctic region, there are mainly ancient crystalline shields and platforms, lower Paleozoic, upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic folded structures. Until the middle of the Tertiary period, most of the Arctic was dry and the climate was warm and humid. Then the land sank and the main bogs of the Arctic Ocean appeared. At the same time, underwater ridges and thresholds and some areas of the Arctic land, especially Northeast Asia, Taimyr, Ural, Greenland and Elsmir o. raised. Such actions continued in the Quaternary period, and volcanoes erupted in some regions (Spitsbergen, Northeast Asia, etc.). In the Quaternary period, the climate cooled. As a result, glaciers appeared. These glaciers penetrated far from the Arctic. In many parts of the Arctic, especially in the Greenland Sea and the Laptev Sea, there are earthquakes and sea earthquakes up to 6-8 points.
   

Antarctica separated from the ancient Pangea and later Gondwana continents and became an independent continent. The Transantarctic mountain range, which rises in the Alpine fold, divides Antarctica into two parts. Most of the Arctic is dry and the climate is warm and humid. Then the land sank and the main depressions of the Arctic Ocean appeared. At the same time, underwater ridges and thresholds and some areas of the Arctic land, especially northeast Asia, Taimyr, Ural, Greenland, and Elsmir Island were raised. Such actions continued in the Quaternary period, and volcanoes erupted in some regions (Spiesbergen, North-East Asia and other places). In the Quaternary period, the climate cooled. As a result, glaciers appeared. These glaciers penetrated far from the Arctic. In many parts of the Arctic, especially in the Greenland Sea and the Laptev Sea, there are earthquakes and sea earthquakes up to 6-8 points. Minerals. In the Arctic, there are deposits of coal and lignite, rock salt, non-ferrous and rare metal ores, optical raw materials and other minerals. Relief. The land surface of the Eurasian mainland is mainly the Russian Plain, the West Siberian Lowland. consisting of edge parts and others. At the same time, some mountains have entered here, among them the mountains of the north-east of Asia, Birranga on the Taimyr Peninsula and the northern part of the Ural Mountains are the big mountains of the Arctic. In the continental part of North America, lower (mainly 200-400 meters) plateaus occupy a large area. All of the Arctic islands are mainland islands in origin, and all but Greenland are located on the continental shelf. The surface of the islands mostly consists of mountains. The highest mountains are in the east of Greenland (Mount Gunbjorn is 3700 meters - the highest peak in the Arctic), Baffin Land and Ellesmere Island. The width of the continental shelf near the coast of Eurasia is 1200-1300 kilometers. From the continental shelf to the central part of the ocean there are a series of ridges and heights. The largest of them is the Lomonosov Ridge, which separates the Canada Sea and the Greenland-Europe Sea. There are snow storms and fog in the Arctic in winter. A cloud covers the cabbage. It often rains in summer. Due to the low temperature, there are many frozen lands. In some regions (Alaska, Eastern Siberia) there are fossil ices. Internal waters. There are many rivers in the Arctic mainland. These rivers freeze 8-10 months a year. In the tundra zone, especially in North America and Europe, there are many small lakes, and the temperature of the ocean water is low. There are a lot of plants and zooplankton in sea waters. Some large mammals live in the Arctic: polar bears on land, walruses and seals in the sea. In the north of Canada and in Greenland, the wolf is found. There are almost no birds in the Arctic, in the summer there are birds everywhere ("bird market"): mallards, ducks, coots, sparrows and coots.

2.