Farmonova dildora ashurovna

 
II.3. Dialects and Accents of English from historical point of view 
 
This article provides general information on the history of the English 
language, with a brief description of some regional British and American 
dialects and accents. 
The origins of English go back to the middle of the fifth century 
when the Germanic tribes (the Angles, the Saxons, the Jutes) began to settle 
in Britain. English descended from the language of the Anglo-Saxons. The 

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languages of the Celtic tribes (the Britons, the Scots, the Picts) who settled 
in Britain before that were the basis on which Welsh, Scottish and Irish 
developed. In the course of its history, English was influenced by many 
languages and borrowed from them. The history of English is usually 
divided into three main periods. 
Old English, or Anglo-Saxon, was spoken in England from the fifth 
century till the second half of the twelfth century, though the Old English 
period is often described as lasting till the Norman Conquest of 1066. 
Old English was heavily inflected and had a complex system of 
declension of nouns and adjectives, flexible syntax, and rather free word 
order. Words were usually spelled the way they were pronounced. Old 
English used the runic alphabet almost until the twelfth century when it was 
mostly replaced by the Latin alphabet. 
Middle English was characterized by significant changes in 
vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. Its vocabulary greatly increased 
due to French borrowings after the Norman Conquest. Middle English 
underwent the loss of most inflections and significant simplification of 
grammar. Its syntax became stricter, and its word order was mostly fixed. A 
series of changes in the quality of the long vowels, known as the Great 
Vowel Shift, started in the 15th century. 
The Middle English period ended in the second half of the 15th 
century when printing was introduced in England in 1476, which preserved 
the spelling of English words in print and gradually led to uniformity in 
English spelling. 
Modern English is the English language since 1475. In its early period 
(till the 18th century), further simplification of grammar took place, and the 
process of standardization of English spelling and word usage began. The 
works of William Shakespeare (1564-1616) and A Dictionary of the English 

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Language published in 1755 by Samuel Johnson contributed greatly to the 
process of standardization of English. 
Late Modern English (from 1800 to the present) is characterized by 
the globalization of English. New dialects of English emerged in various