2023 ieee 16th international conference of actual problems of electronic instrument engineering (apeie)

IV.Generator Use in Electrical Energy Systems

The problem of stability of electrical systems and "full electric power" [11] are of particular importance in the study of transient regimes.In fact, all synchronous generators included in the electrical system must work with the synchronous rotation of their rotors.
This state of operation, called the steady state of the electrical system, must have the characteristic of stability, that is, the ability to restore the initial steady state or a regime almost close to it after any changes - deviations (disruptions, changes in load power small changes, large changes in the load power supplied by the generator during short circuits, power outages, etc.).
The level of system stability, as a rule, decreases with an increase in load (power provided by generators) and a decrease in voltage (increase in consumer power, decrease in excitation of generators). Some values of the above quantities can be determined for each system - mode parameters describing the stability limit.
The system must work without reaching this limit, that is, with a certain stability limit determined by special standards for normal or post-accident conditions; special measures are provided to ensure the stability of the operation of the electrical system (ensure the correct margin in the design, automatic regulation of generators, emergency automatic devices that work in the process of deviations from the system regime).
When analyzing the stability of electrical systems, three types are distinguished.
Static stability - the ability of the system to restore its original state (or almost to it) after a small deviation (disturbance). A small deviation is a deviation that can be studied on the basis of the system of linear differential equations of the electrical system under study, including general methods of Lyapunov, methods of small fluctuations, the study of characteristic equations and the use of frequencies. properties, including different methods of constructing stability region boundaries.