A prep course for the month-long World Cup soccer tournament, a worldwide pheno

ayor of Bogota , favors free markets , privatization , minimal government interv

ention in the economy and an aggressive campaign to provide more education . The

 handsome son of a former president , Pastrana began his public career as the an

chor of his family 's TV news program . He speaks flawless English and spent a y

ear studying at Harvard . During a news conference Saturday , Samper said he and

 the other major contenders , as victims of violence , share `` a tragic common 

denominator . '' Samper was hit by 11 bullets , four of which remain in his body

 , in an assassination attempt attributed to drug traffickers at the Bogota airp

ort in 1989 . The Medellin cocaine cartel kidnapped Pastrana when he was a mayor

al candidate in 1988 . Two other candidates Gen. Miguel Maza , a former secret p

olice chief , and Enrique Parejo , an ex-justice minister were attacked after ch

allenging drug lord Pablo Escobar . The nonviolence of this year 's campaign is 

widely attributed to Escobar having been killed last December by security forces

 . The candidate running third in the polls , Antonio Navarro , is a former comm

ander of the M-19 rebel group , which laid down its weapons four years ago in ex

change for amnesty . In 1985 , Navarro lost a leg when assailants threw a grenad

e at him as he ate breakfast in a restaurant in the southwestern city of Cali . 

Navarro became a co-president of an assembly that rewrote Colombia 's constituti

on and , later , President Cesar Gaviria 's minister of health . Both frontrunne

rs say they are willing to negotiate peace with the insurgents who , together wi

th drug traffickers , right-wing paramilitary squads and common criminals , have

 bloodied Colombia . About 28,000 homicides are committed each year , compared w

ith 24,000 in the United States , which has a population eight times as large .

 BUDAPEST Hungary 's former communists scored a decisive victory Sunday in the r

unoff round of parliamentary elections , winning an absolute majority of 209 sea

ts in the 386-member legislature . The ex-communists now called the Hungarian So

cialist Party were trounced in Hungary 's first post-Cold War election four year

s ago but have been steadily building public support ever since as the promise o

f democratic capitalism has soured here . The Socialists who have traded their r

ed star symbol for a red carnation won more than 54 percent of the vote nationwi

de , while the center-left Alliance of Free Democrats finished second with about

 18 percent and 70 seats in parliament . The current ruling party , the center-r

ight Democratic Forum , finished a distant third with just under 10 percent of t

he vote and 37 seats nearly 130 fewer than they won four years ago . To the surp

rise of most foreign observers , more Hungarian voters went to the polls in the 

two rounds of voting nearly 70 percent in the initial round May 8 and 55 percent

 Sunday than did to end 45 years of communist rule in 1990 . `` This is the firs

t time in its history that Hungary has freely voted in a leftist government , ''

 said Hungarian political analyst Tibor Vidos . But it also reinforced a recent 

trend among other East European countries that replaced communism with nationali

st politics and free-market economics and have since lurched back to the left . 

Lithuania led the way , then Poland the cradle of anti-communist insurgency and 

now Hungary too has followed suit , all largely as a result of widespread econom

ic insecurity , rising unemployment and social disillusionment brought on by the

 transition from a communist welfare state to the hazards of free-market democra

cy . The Hungarian Socialists have pledged there will be no going back to the au

thoritarian ways of the old postwar regime and say they intend to improve on the

 free-market reforms of the current government , many of which they say they ini

tiated in the waning days of communist rule five years ago . Their immediate tas

k will be to decide whether to form a government on their own or try to find a c

oalition partner , which many Socialist leaders favor as a means of widening the

ir political base and providing additional strength in parliament should it prov

e necessary to force through unpopular measures . At a news conference Sunday ni

ght , Socialist leader Gyula Horn said his party favors `` broad national cooper

ation '' and is ready to cooperate with the second-place Free Democrats , whom h

e called `` our natural partners . '' Political analysts say the country could b

e headed for a period of political and economic instability if the Socialists tr

y to form a single-party government and that much will depend on whether the Fre

e Democrats agree to join the Socialists a prospect that they say could require 

hard and lengthy bargaining even though the parties ' economic platforms are sim

ilar . At a separate news conference , Free Democratic leader Gabor Kuncze said 

the size of the Socialist victory makes his party 's decision on entering a coal

ition `` much more difficult , '' since the Socialists ' absolute majority would

 allow them to carry through programs in parliament that the Free Democrats migh

t oppose . In early discussions , the Free Democrats had strongly objected to Ho

rn 's becoming prime minister and had proposed Kuncze instead as the price of th

eir participation . Kuncze and his party are expected to announce their decision

 Sunday after a party convention , just one day after the Socialists meet to nom

inate their candidate presumably Horn as prime minister . Horn , who is recoveri

ng from a serious auto accident earlier this month , is a controversial figure h

ere because he served in a pro-Soviet militia that helped put down the bloody 19

56 Hungarian uprising against communist rule . Free Democrats , among others , h

ave been asking how Horn can be expected to lead nationwide ceremonies scheduled

 for Oct. 23 to mark the 38th anniversary of the revolt . On the other hand , Gy

ula 's supporters have consistently pointed out that he was a leader of the comm

unist reform movement here in the 1980s and that as foreign minister he was resp

onsible for opening Hungary 's border with Austria in 1989 so that thousands of 

East Germans could flee to the West an action they say led ultimately to the bre

aching of the Berlin Wall and the Iron Curtain .

 PHOENIX Border states and cities will have to come up with innovative ways to f

inance infrastructure improvements in the region before they can fully realize t

he jobs and economic benefits expected from increased U.S.-Mexico trade . That '

s the message U.S. government officials brought to last week 's annual Border Go

vernors ' Conference here , where leaders from California , Arizona , New Mexico

 and Texas met with their counterparts from Mexico 's border states to discuss t

he issues related to approval of the North American Free Trade Agreement and oth

er regional concerns . The U.S. and Mexican governments will not be able to pay 

for the roads , bridges , sewers , new border checkpoints and communications lin

ks that must be built to fully leverage NAFTA , Assistant U.S. Secretary of Comm

erce Charles F. Meissner said in a speech to the governors . Meissner said $ 16 

billion in improvements are needed along the border to facilitate trade , but on

ly $ 3 billion in U.S. and Mexican funds are available thus far . `` The public 

sector cannot meet these needs . The private sector must help , '' he said . Alt

hough Congress increased highway and border improvement funding in 1991 with a v

iew toward increased traffic that would result from border trade , the funds sti

ll run about 35 percent short of what the states will need to simply maintain cu

rrent levels of service , said Bruce Cannon , chief strategic planner for the Fe

deral Highway Administration . So , states and cities have no choice but to beco

me entrepreneurial if the infrastructure for the post-NAFTA era is to be built .

 They may have to charge a variety of tolls and fees to help finance the improve

ments , some speakers suggested . But others warned that charging excessive fees

 would only dampen the commercial forces that NAFTA was designed to unleash . Th

e trade pact was designed to ease trade barriers among Mexico , the United State

s and Canada . Meissner offered the governors his help in setting up a `` consul

tative '' group of bankers and investment professionals to help the states draw 

up business plans and conduct feasibility studies on border improvements . ( Opt

ional add end ) Officials said cooperation in planning between U.S. and Mexican 

states will be critical to ensure maximum efficiency of dollars spent and persua

ding the private sector to invest in improvements . Both Texas and Arizona have 

set up numerous joint committees with their Mexican neighbors , bolstering ties 

that have been in place for decades . California , by contrast , has been slow i

n cementing commercial relations with Baja California , officials from other sta

tes said . Whereas other border governors have made it a priority to develop clo

ser ties with neighboring Mexican states , most coordinated activities in Califo

rnia is being carried out between the municipal governments of San Diego and Tij

uana . California 's relative lack of statewide coordination may be due to Gov. 

Pete Wilson 's preoccupation with the state 's financial problems and the fact t

hat up to now the state 's massive economy has not had to put much energy into s

timulating trade , some officials noted .

 American investors in European stocks and bonds experienced a bad case of deja 

vu last week : European markets plunged on growing fears that interest rates the

re have bottomed . Earlier this year , it took an actual boost in short-term rat

es by the Federal Reserve Board to send U.S. stocks reeling . In Europe , all it

 took last week was for German central bank President Hans Tietmeyer to suggest 

that the Bundesbank may be finished cutting short rates for now . Mindful of Ger

many 's still-languishing economy , Tietmeyer said nothing about raising rates .

 Yet investors reacted with horror at the thought that European short rates migh

t stop falling , after only 20 months of Bundesbank-led cuts . At about 5 percen

t now , the yield on three-month German treasury bills is well above the 4.25 pe

rcent yield on U.S. T-bills even though Germany 's economy is weak while the U.S

. economy is strong . Rattled by Tietmeyer , the Frankfurt stock market 's DAX i

ndex slumped 109 points for the week , to 2,141 Friday a drop of 4.8 percent , o

r the equivalent of the Dow industrial index losing 180 points from its current 

3,757 1/8 . Because the Bundesbank largely calls the tune for interest rates acr

oss Europe , most of the region 's other stock markets also went down hard . In 

London , the FTSE-100 stock index tumbled 5.1 percent for the week ; Milan 's Mi

btel index dove 5.9 percent . Worse , in some respects , was the reaction in Eur

opean bond markets to Tietmeyer 's comments . In Britain , the yield on the benc

hmark 15-year government bond closed at 8 percent Friday , up from 8 1/8 percent

 just three days earlier . But while investors were dumping European securities 

, other world markets paid scant attention . In fact , North American , South Am

erican and Asian stock markets generally finished higher last week or unchanged 

. Other markets ' ability to ignore Europe 's turmoil may be a sign that interna

tional investing has become a stock-picker 's game again unlike last year , when

 virtually all foreign markets rocketed . As markets go their separate ways , U.

S. investors will find international investing more challenging , but also poten

tially more rewarding . If you can recognize bargains among individual markets ,

 or you 're in a foreign mutual fund that has proved its savvy as a global stock

-picker , you should earn above-average returns . So far in 1994 , a good defens

e has been the best offense in foreign investing . Early this year , the smart m

oney was selling stocks in Hong Kong , Singapore , Bangkok and other Southeast A

sian markets after their 60 percent-plus gains in 1993 . Those markets began to 

dive in January , and only recently have they shown signs of bottoming . Meanwhi

le , the Japanese stock market has been this year 's big surprise . The Nikkei i

ndex has jumped 19.3 percent year-to-date , fueled by the perception that Japan 

's economy is bottoming after three difficult years . Until last week , European

 stock markets had held the middle ground between Southeast Asian markets ' plun

ge and Japan 's hot streak . Most European markets were off marginally for the y

ear , though with the dollar 's weakness American investors still were making mo

ney there . Does last week 's selloff suggest European stocks are poised for a m

eltdown ? Many international stock fund managers don't think so . For the most p

art , fund managers still believe there 's room for short- and long-term Europea

n interest rates to fall , because the Continent 's economy is only beginning to

 emerge from recession . On Friday , in fact , the Bundesbank 's Tietmeyer tried

 to allay investors ' fears by telling a radio interviewer in Germany that `` it

 can be taken for granted '' that the Bundesbank will keep cutting money market 

rates , even if it makes no additional cuts in its official discount rate . But 

European stocks now face other obstacles , fund managers admit . John Hickling ,

 who runs the Boston-based Fidelity Overseas fund , says too many European compa

nies are trying to raise money with new stock offerings . `` There 's supply com

ing from everywhere , '' he warns . Political risk is also high , with German el

ections looming this year . Pressure on politicians in Germany ( and across Euro

pe ) to use government spending to bring down double-digit unemployment rates ma

y keep inflation concerns at the forefront , in turn keeping bond yields artific

ially steep . Lastly , there 's the issue of valuation : Many European markets l

ook expensive because corporate earnings remain depressed while stocks have rall

ied since 1992 . Nonetheless , European stock bulls expect their markets to foll

ow the U.S. script : As the economy improves , the bulls see investors flocking 

back to European industrial stocks , which have the most to gain from an economi

c turnaround . For example , Hickling 's fund has about half its assets in Europ

e , mainly in industrial giants such as auto makers Volvo and Peugeot , and ener

gy/petrochemical leaders such as Elf Aquitaine and Total . Madelynn Matlock , ma

nager of the Bartlett Value International fund in Cincinnati , has 59 percent of

 her fund 's asset in Europe . She expects investors to eventually return to suc

h industrial names as Tampella , a Finnish maker of mining equipment , and to Fr

ench construction materials firm Saint Gobain . Jeff Russell , co-manager of the

 Smith Barney International Equity fund in New York , argues that European stock

s still don't reflect the future earnings benefit from corporate restructurings 

still in full swing there a couple years behind the U.S. restructuring binge . H

is fund , about 45 percent invested in Europe , has targeted stocks in Italy , I

reland and other countries that depreciated their currencies 18 months ago . Tha

t depreciation made those countries ' exports more competitive , giving their co

mpanies a head start in Europe 's recovery , Russell says . But some internation

al stock fund managers contend that the best place to put new money to work toda

y isn't Europe , but the beaten-down emerging markets of Asia and Latin America 

. Norman Kurland , head of Pioneer International Growth fund in Boston , is only

 35 percent invested in Europe . He finds more allure in markets such as Mexico 

, South Korea and Thailand , especially after their selloffs this year . If you 

want to bet on global growth , Kurland argues , it makes more sense to invest no

w in Asia or Latin America . Expansions in the United States and Europe , he say

s , will be magnified in already-booming emerging economies that are major expor

ters to the developed world . And emerging markets ' stock valuations are once a

gain reasonable , he says .

 Khallid Abdul Muhammad , a controversial former aide to Nation of Islam leader 

Louis Farrakhan , was wounded in a parking lot shooting Sunday evening at the Un

iversity of California , Riverside , where Muhammad had just given a speech , of

ficials said . A Riverside police sergeant said two or three other people were a

lso wounded , none of them seriously . An Associated Press photographer said Muh

ammad was hit in the foot . A crowd surrounded the gunman in the parking lot out

side a university auditorium where Muhammad had spoken , and beat him before aut

horities could break up the fight . He is in police custody , officials said . T

wo people were injured in the parking lot shoving after the shooting , said univ

ersity spokesman Jack Chappell . Muhammad , 43 , had been suspended from his dut

ies as senior aide to Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan after a speech in N

ovember in which he called Jews `` the bloodsuckers of the black nation and the 

black community . '' That speech was denounced by President Clinton and other bl

ack and Jewish leaders , as well as by Farrakhan himself .

 RIVERSIDE , Calif A black gunman dressed to look like a member of the Nation of

 Islam shot and wounded controversial former Nation of Islam spokesman Khallid A

bdul Muhammad here Sunday , on the steps outside a university auditorium where M

uhammad had just spoken . Muhammad , 43 , was hit in the left leg by at least on

e of five or six shots from a .9 mm handgun , officials said . He was in satisfa

ctory condition at Riverside Community Hospital , according to a Muhammad associ

ate who asked not to be named . ( Riverside is about 60 miles east of Los Angele

s ) . Two Nation of Islam bodyguards were also wounded . Caliph Sadig , 33 , of 

Upland , Calif. , was in satisfactory condition with a wound in the upper right 

back . Another guard , Varnado Puckett , 34 , of Pomona , Calif. , was shot thre

e times . He was in serious condition , undergoing surgery at Riverside General 

Hospital . The gunman wearing the dark suit , white shirt and bow tie `` charact

eristic of what his security people were wearing , '' said University of Califor

nia , Riverside , spokesman Jack Chappell stepped from a crowd of some 50 people

 outside the auditorium where Muhammad had just spoken , and fired from five to 

10 feet away . He was severely beaten by the crowd , some of whom reportedly sho

uted , `` He works for the Jews . '' ( Muhammad was fired as an aide to Nation o

f Islam leader Louis Farrakhan after making anti-Semitic remarks last year . ) P

olice plucked the bloodied man from the angry crowd and put him in a police car 

until he could be taken away by ambulance . Riverside Police Sgt. Robert Hanson 

said authorities are not releasing the name of suspect because of concerns for h

is safety . No motive for the shooting has been discussed by officials . Ahromuz

 , a longtime Muhammad friend who was standing on the auditorium steps next to M

uhammad when he was shot , said someone had just asked him to compare the strugg

le of Latinos with those of African Americans . `` The last thing I remember him

 saying was , ` The same dog that bit you , bit me , ' ' ' said Ahromuz . `` Aft

er that , just pop , pop , pop , pop , pop . It was so close . I just took my da

ughter and hit the ground , '' he said . `` I heard a bullet echo in my ear and 

I could smell gunpowder . '' In the chaos after the 6:09 p.m. shooting , Ahromuz

 said , several young African-American men attacked some white people who had ru

shed to the scene , but others who had been at the speech intervened . Members o

f the Fruit of Islam , the Nation of Islam 's security contingent , carried the 

wounded Muhammad back through the building to a waiting white Lincoln Continenta

l and hurried him to Riverside Community Hospital . Associated Press photographe

r William Lewis said angry supporters descended on the gunman and pummeled him a

s police attempted to stop them . `` They were just kicking and stomping him in 

the head . That 's where the pandemonium was . They dragged the shooter out by t

he nape of his neck , blood dripping , '' he said . `` People were still trying 

to get their kicks in . The police were trying to protect him . And the people w

ouldn't let him get out . '' UC Riverside senior Mark Thaler , who attended the 

speech , saw the suspect later , `` a bloodied head , and ( he was ) propped up 

'' in the back of the police car . Muhammad 's son , 9-year-old Farrakhan Khalli

d Muhammad , was carried away by aides as he screamed , `` Daddy ! Daddy ! Daddy

 ! '' The boy , who frequently appears on stage with Muhammad , did not appear t

o be injured . Under intense security that included pat-downs and bag searches a

nd a hefty presence of police , campus security as well as Fruit of Islam , near

ly 450 people had entered the Student Recreation Center to hear Muhammad , who w

as sponsored by the African Student Alliance at UC Riverside . During the speech

 , some 70 protesters picketed silently outside , among them Jewish and Roman Ca

tholic students . Inside , three people were thrown out of the building after th

ey began heckling Muhammad . Campus officials identified one of them as Irv Rubi

n , a member of the Jewish Defense League . Following the speech , Muhammad step

ped outside , where 50 or 60 people were waiting . `` After a speech , he likes 

to deal with the people , which irritates his security , '' a friend of Muhammad

 's told the Los Angeles Times . `` Security is more worried about Khallid than 

Khallid himself . '' ( Optional add end ) That Muhammad arouses strong passions 

has been evident since his controversial remarks last November at a New Jersey c

ollege about Jews , comments which got Muhammad fired from his job as senior aid