Atomic Habits: Tiny Changes, Remarkable Results

onetime actions that lead to better long-term habits
: James Clear (@james_clear),
“What are one-time actions that pay off again and again in the future?” Twitter,
February 11, 2018,
https://twitter.com/james_clear/status/962694722702790659
“Civilization advances by extending the number of operations”
: Alfred North
Whitehead, Introduction to Mathematics (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press,
1911), 166.
The average person spends over two hours per day on social media
: “GWI Social,”
GlobalWebIndex, 2017, Q3,
https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/304927/Downloads/GWI%20Social%20Summary%20Q3%202017.pdf
CHAPTER 15
over nine million people called it home
: “Population Size and Growth of Major Cities,
1998 Census,” Population Census Organization,
http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//tables/POPULATION%20SIZE%20AND%20GROWTH%20OF%20MAJOR%20CITIES.pdf
Over 60 percent of Karachi’s residents
: Sabiah Askari, Studies on Karachi: Papers
Presented at the Karachi Conference 2013 (Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge
Scholars, 2015).
It was this public health crisis that had brought Stephen Luby to Pakistan
: Atul
Gawande, The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right (Gurgaon, India: Penguin
Random House, 2014).
“In Pakistan, Safeguard was a premium soap”
: All quotes in this section are from an
email conversation with Stephen Luby on May 28, 2018.
The rate of diarrhea fell by 52 percent
: Stephen P. Luby et al., “Effect of Handwashing
on Child Health: A Randomised Controlled Trial,” Lancet 366, no. 9481 (2005),

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doi:10.1016/s0140–6736(05)66912–7.
“Over 95 percent of households”
: Anna Bowen, Mubina Agboatwalla, Tracy Ayers,
Timothy Tobery, Maria Tariq, and Stephen P. Luby. “Sustained improvements in
handwashing indicators more than 5 years after a cluster
‐randomised, community‐
based trial of handwashing promotion in Karachi, Pakistan,” Tropical Medicine &
International Health 18, no. 3 (2013): 259–267.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4626884/