Biographical encyclopedia
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Vni (Byzantine Emperor), 116 John XXn
(Pope), 109 John of Gaunt (Duke, England), 111 Johnson, Lyndon B., 1280 Joseph, 1, 865 Joseph II (Emperor, Austria), 323 Josephson effect, 1509 Joule, 613 Joule-Thomson effect, 613, 652, 698, 726, 758, 759 Joyce, James, 1487 J particles, 1493 Julian calendar, 23, 54, 83, 99, 119, 152, 156 Julian Day, 154 Julius II (Pope), 140 Jupiter, 185 919
INDEX atmosphere of, 1038, 1290 diameter of, 258 mass of, 439 radio wave radiation from, 1455 red spot of, 466 rotation of, 209 satellites of, 166, 171, 209, 232, 696, 835, 883, 964, 1003, 1151 structure of, 1290 surface temperature of, 1147 Trojan asteroids and, 927 Jupiter probes, 1491 Jupiter V, 883 Jussieu, Bernard, 345 Jussieu, Joseph, 345 Justinian I (East Roman Emperor), 24 Kala-azar, 948 Kaleidoscope, 433 Kamchatka, 250 Kapteyn’s star, 815 Karl Theodor (Elector, Bavaria), 360 K capture, 1323 Kelvin scale, 652 Kennedy, John F., 1280 Kennelly-Heaviside layer, 806, 1158 Kepler’s laws, 169, 231 Keratin, 1033 Kerosene, 886 Ketone, 457 Key, Francis Scott, 957 Khrushchev, Nikita, 1214 Kidneys, 465 Kidney stones, 298 Kieselguhr, 703 Kinematic relativity, 1186 Kinetic energy, 215, 480, 613, 652 Kinetic theory of gases, 547, 633, 692, 726, 769 ICinetogenesis, 748 Kingsley, Charles, 69 Kirchhoffs law, 648 Kirkwood gaps, 586 Kjeldahl flask, 801 Klystron-oscillator, 1351 K-mesons, 1473, 1487 Kolbe reaction, 610
K radiation, 1049 Krebs cycle, 1167, 1221, 1231 Krypton, 835 compounds of, 1499 discovery of, 832, 1001 K shell, 1323 Kublai Khan, 105 Kurchatovium, 1381 Kuru, 1456 Kymograph, 597 Lacquers, 1031 Lactic acid, 631, 716, 1194, 1231 glycolysis and, 1095 muscle and, 1108 Ladislas V (King, Hungary), 118 Lalande 21185, 309 planet of, 1247 Lamarckism, 336 Lambert, 299 Land camera, 1344 Langley, 711 Language, international, 889 Lanthanides, 1372 Lanthanum, 501 Lasers, 1252, 1400 invention of, 1479 Latent heat, 298 Latitude, 27 line of, 33 Latitude and longitude, 50 Latitude effect, 1159 Laudanum, 131, 208 Laughing gas, 421 Lavoisier, Marie-Anne, 334, 360 Lawrencium, 1241, 1372 Lead, 709 atomic weight of, 968 isotopes of, 1052, 1100 radioactivity and, 987 superconductivity of, 843 Lead acetate, 67 Least action, principle of, 267 Least squares, method of, 415 Leblanc process, 328 Le Chatelier’s principle, 812 Lecithin, 663
Leiden jar, (see Leyden jar) Leishmaniasis, 948 Lenard rays, 920 Lenin, Nikolai, 1333 Lens, optic, 151, 402 Lenses, achromatic, 273 Lenz’s law, 536 Leo X (Pope), 122 Leo, XHI (Pope), 75 Leopold I (Holy Roman Emperor), 222 Leopold II (King, Belgium), 579 Leopold (Prince, England), 567 Leprosy, 859 Leukemia, 632, 774, 965 920
INDEX Lever, 38, 47 Lewisite, 1058 Leyden jar, 257, 269, 272, 320, 337 Lice, disease and, 767, 956, 992, 1216 Lie detector, 1161 Life, age of, 1399 geological development and, 924 origin of, 626, 894, 1171, 1371, 1457, 1490
Life expectancy, 201, 215 Light, 94, 150, 349 aberration of, 258 chemical reactions and, 936 coherent, 1479 diffraction of, 199, 402 disease and, 908 electric, 788 gravitational deflection of, 1064 magnetism and, 839, 945 oscillation and, 839 particulate nature of, 231, 1159 polarized, 394, 1344 pressure of, 952 reflection of, 60 refraction of, 177, 231 scattering of, 626, 760, 1130 shift with velocity of, 620 temperature rise and, 934 velocity of, 232, 619, 620, 692, 835, 839, 1281 wavelength of, 402 wave nature of, 215, 402, 446, 455 Light, electric, 677 Lighthouses, 455 Lightning, 272 man-made, 944, 1246 Lightning rods, 272 Light waves, standard measures and, 835 Light-year, 439 Limelight, 428 Limes, 288 Linac, 1395 Lincoln, Abraham, 554 Linear accelerator, 1395 Lines of force, magnetic, 474, 523, 692, 1335 Liquid air, 832, 851, 989 Liquid-fuel rockets, 1083 Liquid hydrogen, 851 Little America, 1129 Liver, diet and, 1059, 1103 Lockjaw, 846 Locomotion, animal, 683 Locomotive, 399 invention of, 431 Logarithms, 159, 164, 169, 172 Logic, 29 symbolic, 233, 549, 595, 797, 889
Long division, 164 Longevity, 775 Longitude, 27 determination of, 138, 178, 234, 259, 310 meridians of, 144 Longitudinal waves, 402 Long-playing records, 1319 Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction, 821, 839 Lorenzo the Magnificent (Florence), 122 Louis IV (Holy Roman Emperor), 109 Louix IX (King, France), 104 Louis XII (King, France), 122 Louis XIV (King, France), 209, 215, 227, 233, 235, 246, 253, 273, 396, 397, 551, 1157
Louis XV (King, France), 261, 266, 277, 286, 289, 303, 305 Louis XVI (King, France), 312, 317, 343 Louis XVm (King, France), 340, 347, 364, 368, 396, 404, 571 Louis Philippe I (King, France), 397, 420, 425, 432, 463, 571, 642 Love waves, 926 Lovelace, Ada Augusta, Countess of, 481 Low, Judah, 1075 Lowell, Amy, 860 Low temperature, 843 L radiation, 1049 LSD, 421
L-series, 833 Lucas, Henry, 231 Ludwig I (King, Bavaria), 461 Luminescence, 774 Luminosity, stellar, 1018, 1045 Lunar probe, 1392 Lunar Society, 308, 312, 316, 327, 363 Lupus vulgaris, 908 Lutetium, 1002 Luther, Martin, 114 Lyceum, 29, 31, 38 Lymph, 218 Lymphatic vessels, 218 Lysergic acid, 1416 Lysine, 900, 1270 Lysozyme, 1077, 1213 Lysozymes, 1418 M-82, 1469 Machine gun, 609, 745 Machines, simple, 60 921
INDEX Mach numbers, 733 Mach’s principle, 733 Macromolecules, 1354 Magellan, Strait of, 130 Magellanic clouds, 130, 479, 975, 1163 Magic, 150, 163 Magnesium, 565 catalytic action of, 993 chlorophyll and, 1009 discovery of, 421 Magnetic declination, 158 Magnetic dip, 161 Magnetic domains, 942, 1333 Magnetic poles, 104 Magnetic storms, 290 Magnetic variations, 238 Magnetism, 3, 104, 155 animal, 314, 494 heat and, 897 light and, 839, 945 molecular beams and, 1124 superconductivity and, 843 Magnetohydrodynamics, 1335 Magnetosphere, 1392 Magnetostriction, 613 Magnets, strong, 985 Magnitude, absolute, 1018 Malaria, 208, 764, 771, 776, 853 syphilis and, 874 transmission of, 876 Malic acid, 928, 1167 Malik Shah (Sultan), 87 Maltose, 691 Mammals, descent of, 959 Mammoth, 519 Mamun (Caliph), 79 Man, evolution of, 458, 502, 554, 643, 653 Manganese, 339 Manganese dioxide, 427 Manganese-steel, 892 Manhattan Engineer District (see Manhattan Project) Manhattan Project, 1064, 1139, 1159, 1208, 1243
Manned space flight, 1392, 1503 Man, the Unknown, 1016 Manual of the Steam Engine, 625 Manure, 532 Maps, 4, 9, 27, 33, 48, 144 geologic, 395, 405 Marat, Jean Paul, 334 Marcellus, 47 Marcus Aurelius, 65 Margarine, 856 Maria, lunar, 194 Maria Theresa, (Empress, Austria), 302, 306 Mariner 2, 1279, 1478 Mariotte’s law, 203 Markovnikov rule, 729 Mars, 763 atmosphere of, 1297 canals of, 499, 681, 714, 860 color of, 606 craters on, 883 ice caps of, 1297 life on, 756, 860 map of, 499, 714, 724 markings on, 215 motion of, 156, 169 parallax of, 209, 217 photographs of, 1038 rotation of, 209 satellites of, 681, 696 surface of, 1504 Marsupials, 303, 331 Masers, 1212, 1252, 1400, 1409, 1453 continuous, 1436 Masochism, 749 Mass, 231 conservation of, 334, 1064 energy and, 1064 Mass action, law of, 346, 701, 721, 829 Mass-energy, conservation of, 1064 Mass-luminosity law, 1085 Mass numbers, 1051 Mass spectrograph, 1051 Mast cells, 845 Masurium, 1166 Mathematics, 3 Egyptian, 2 fundamentals of, 797, 889, 911, 1005 purity of, 24 Matrices, 629 Matrix mechanics, 1117, 1245, 1273 Matter, formation of, 1053 interstellar, 1109 Matter waves, 1157 Matthias (Holy Roman Emperor), 169 Maunder minima, 818 Maurice of Nassau, 158 Maurice of Saxony (Duke), 132 Maury Hall, 548 Mauve Decade, 734 Mauveine, 734 Maxim gun, 745 Maximilian I (King, Bavaria), 450 Maximilian I (Holy Roman Emperor), 126 Maximilian (Emperor, Mexico), 548 922
INDEX Maxwell’s demon, 692 Maxwell’s equations, 692, 1064 Mayer, Joseph, 1307 McCarthy, Joseph R., 1102, 1164, 1273, 1280
McKinley, William, 711 Measles, 208 Measures, standard, 486 Mechain, Perre F. A., 350 Mechanical energy, 613 conservation of, 233 Mechanical equivalent of heat, 587, 613 Medici, Giulio de, 122 Megatherium, 396 Meister, Joseph, 642 Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), 1382
Melbourne, Lord, 474 Membranes, semipermeable, 773 Mendelevium, 705, 1372 Mental disorders, 338, 494 Mercator projection, 144 Mercuric oxide, 312 Mercury (element), 470 freezing of, 282 gas collection over, 312 polarography and, 1144 superconductivity of, 843 thermometer and, 254 Mercury (planet), 54, 127 mass of, 475 motion of, 28 perihelion advance of, 564, 1064 phases of, 194 rotation of, 586, 714 surface temperature of, 1151 transit of, 169, 182 Mercury poisoning, 1043 Merneptah, 838 Mersenne numbers, 181 Mesmerism, 314 Mesons, 1260, 1274, 1292, 1323, 1454 Mesotron, 1292 Messenger-RNA, 1438, 1447, 1476 Metabolism, 165, 515, 563 intermediary, 691, 947 Meteor Crater, Great Barringer, 905 Meteorites, 14, 370, 404, 424, 584, 866, 905 age of, 1118 Meteorographica, 636 Meteorological Observations and Essays, 389 Meteorology, 389 Meteors, 1168 comets and, 434 radar and, 1386 Meteor swarm, 615 Methane, 337, 389, 515 planetary atmospheres and, 1038, 1290 Methionine, 1239
1083
Methods of Chemical Nomenclature, 334 Methyl chloride, 1132 Metonic cycle, 23 Metric system, 270, 317, 350, 388, 486, 506 Meyerbeer, Giacomo, 499 Mho, 461
Michaelis-Menten equation, 1033 Michelson-Morley experiment, 730, 821, 835, 953, 1064, 1400 Microcurie, 996 Micrographia, 223 Micrometer, 195 Microorganisms, classification of, 304 soil, 1128 Microphones, 897 Microphotographs, 619 Microscope, 166, 214, 221, 223, 265 achromatic, 273, 445, 447 field-emission, 1364 oil-immersion, 447 phase-contrast, 1127 Microsomes, 1380 Microtome, 452 Microwave background radiation, 1174, 1405, 1437, 1501, 1506 Microwaves, amplification of, 1400 Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 1303, 1462 Mid-Oceanic Ridge, 1462 Milk glass, 943 Milky Way, 96, 293, 299, 321, 1102 nature of, 20, 166, 281 Milky Way Galaxy, 1136 Miller indices, 518 Milliliters, 910 Mimas, 321 Saturn’s rings and, 586 Mimeograph, 788 Mineralogy, 292 medicine and, 132 Minerals, classification of, 315, 355 hardness of, 401 Miniaturization, 1348, 1392 Mini black holes, 1510 Minor planets, 341 Miocene, 487 Mira, 167 Miranda, 1297 Mirrors, parabolic, 85 Mirrors, telescope, 619 923
INDEX Mischmetal, 890 Missing link, 884
Mitochondria, 1222, 1441 structure of, 1380 Mixed ethers, 650 Mizar, 185, 660 M, N blood groups, 973 Moas, 539 Möbius strip, 471 Moderator, nuclear, 1037, 1208, 1362 Mohole, 871 MohoroviCic discontinuity, 871 Mohs scale, 401 Mold, 1077
Molecular beams, 1124, 1212 Molecular biology, 957, 1380, 1406 Molecular structure, 680, 686 coordination theory and, 960 Molecular weight, 668, 684, 773 Molecules, 412, 514, 668 asymmetry of, 642, 829 light absorption by, 765 structure of, 1236 Molybdenum, 342 Momentum, conservation of, 198 Mongolia, 742 Mongols, 1264 Monomolecular films, 1072 Monotheism, 6 Montcalm, Louis Joseph de, 303 Moon, 1336 craters of, 100, 156, 185 density of, 777 distance of, 41, 50, 284 far side of, 282 life on, 885 light reflection by, 3 man on, 1492 map of, 194, 499 maria on, 194 markings on, 96 mass of, 283 motion of, 275, 283, 347 mountains on, 1339 nature of, 14, 20 orbit of, 7, 200, 231 parallax of, 50 photographs of, 566, 606 rotation of, 777 size of, 41 surface of, 1196 surface temperature of, 1151 tides and, 39, 51, 52 water on, 185 Morphine, 437, 438 structure of, 1107 Morphology, 349 Morse code, 473, 958, 1025 Mortality tables, 238 Mosquitoes, malaria and, 771, 876 yellow fever and, 822, 849, 955 Mossbauer effect, 1400, 1483 Motion, absolute, 835 Motion, laws of, 108, 231 Motion pictures, 788, 852 sound, 1017 Motorcycle, 708 Motors, alternating-current, 837 electric, 474, 503 Mountain-climbing, 147, 322, 397, 794 Mountains, 6, 33, 687 Mouthpiece, telephone, 819 Moving bodies, forces upon, 166 MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone), 1382
Muhammad, 76 Multiple sclerosis, 1456 Multiplication sign, 172 Mu-mesons, 1292 Mumps virus, 1195 Muon, 1274 Muscle, action of, 191, 278, 631, 1108, 1167
Museum, Alexandrian, 40, 69 Music of the spheres, 24, 169 Musk, 1119 Mussolini, Benito, 1025, 1243, 1289 Mustard gas, 991 Mutagens, 1029 Mutations, 598, 631, 704, 792, 957, 1224 chemical, 1029 rate of, 1160 viruses and, 1253 X rays and, 1145, 1270 Myasthenia gravis, 205 Myoglobulin, 1267 amino acid makeup of, 1426 structure of, 1389, 1415 Myosin, 1167 Mysticism, 314 Naphthalene, 409 structure of, 661 Napier’s bones, 159 Napoleon I, 127, 233, 238, 303, 309, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 332, 337, 340, 346, 347, 348, 353, 359, 360, 363, 364, 366, 9 2 4
INDEX 368, 370, 371, 375, 384, 393, 396, 397, 404, 407, 408, 415, 420, 421, 434, 443, 446, 455, 456, 458, 463, 474, 477, 483, 490, 493, 497, 508, 561 Napoleon HI, 328, 446, 463, 490, 497, 514, 516, 533, 564, 575, 578, 619, 668, 933
Natural selection, 17, 286, 554, 562, 598, 643, 1224
Nature philosophy, 417, 423, 539, 707 Nausiphanes, 35
Naval hygiene, 288 IV-dimensional geometry, 556, 629 Neanderthal man, 653, 884 Nebular hypothesis, 293, 347, 1053, 1376 Nebulas, 879 dark, 883 Nebulium, 719 Negative numbers, 137 Negative, photographic, 479, 511 Negatron, 1292 Nelmes, Sarah, 348 Neodymium, 890 Neon, 832 isotopes of, 869, 1051 Neon lights, 989 Neoplatonism, 70 Neoprene, 1058, 1190, 1354 Neptune, 309, 326, 344, 415, 860 atmosphere of, 1038 Bode’s law and, 301 discovery of, 523, 535, 564, 573, 615, 639 satellites of, 509, 1297 surface temperature of, 1147 Neptunism, 355, 374 Neptunium, 1329, 1372 Nereid, 1297 Nemst-Thomas rule, 936 Nerva, 62 Nerve cells, 764 Nerve impulse, 611, 1023, 1137, 1359, 1387 speed of, 631, 1023 transmission of, 1288, 1374 Nerve potentials, 1126 Nerves, 42, 43, 278, 438 sensory, 881 Neuroanatomy, 881 Neurology, 278 Neuron, 722 Neuron theory, 600, 722, 827 Neurophysiology, 881 Neurospora crassa, 1270 Neutral K-mesons, 1454, 1497 Neutrinos, 1064, 1228, 1243, 1292, 1356 detection of, 1423, 1434 mass of, 1423 varieties of, 1423 Neutron absorption, 1260 Neutrons, 1022, 1146, 1227, 1280 delayed, 1357 discovery of, 1150 magnetic moment of, 1296 mass of, 1362 nuclear structure and, 1245, 1307 slowing of, 1037 thermal, 1243 uranium and, 1063, 1243 Neutron stars, 1407, 1437 rotating, 1463
New Zealand, 300 Niacin, 1027 Nicholas I (Emperor, Russia), 397, 483, 491 Nickel, 856 discovery of, 292 electron waves and, 1078 Nickel carbonyl, 856 Nicol prism, 394, 1344 Nicotinic acid, 1027, 1093, 1240 Night-blindness, 1318 Niobium, 383 Niobium-tin alloy, 1425 Nitric acid, 76, 734 Nitrobenzene, 485 Nitrocellulose, 510, 673, 677, 743 Nitrogen, 334, 368, 812, 977 bends and, 702 density of, 760, 832 discovery of, 351 elimination of, 1231 fixing of, 817 isotopes of, 1164, 1259 light bulbs and, 1072 liquid, 698, 758 organic, 801 plant nutrition and, 689 stereochemistry and, 960 Nitrogen-15, 1164, 1259 Nitrogen balance, 588, 691 925
INDEX Nitrogen compounds, 977 asymmetry of, 991 Nitrogen fixing, 525 Nitrogen mustards, 1029 Nitrogen trichloride, 421, 441 Nitroglycerine, 574, 673, 703 Nitrous oxide, 421 Nobelium, 703, 1372 Nobel prizes, 703 Noble gas compounds, 1499 Noble gases, 665, 832 Non-electrolytes, 894 , Non-Euclidean geometry, 247, 530, 670, 800 Noradrenalin, 1288 Nordhoff, Charles B., 331 North America nebula, 927 Northeast Passage, 700 North magnetic pole, 512, 1008 North Pole, 866, 1129 North Star, 39 Northwest Passage, 178, 1008 Notochord, 478, 750, 823 Novas, 156, 166, 169, 883, 1209 Andromeda galaxy and, 1136 Novum Organum, 163 Nuclear atom, 996 quantum theory and, 1101 Nuclear bomb, 897, 920, 1051, 1063, 1064, 1081, 1088, 1101, 1106, 1150, 1158, 1159, 1198, 1207, 1241, 1255, 1259, 1260, 1272, 1280, 1308, 1332, 1362, 1372
Nuclear energy, 897, 996 Nuclear fission, 1060, 1063, 1064, 1101 Nuclear force, 1323 Nuclear fusion, 1343 Nuclear isomers, 1063, 1261 Nuclear magnetic presonance, 1212, 1296, 1378 Nuclear reactions, 996, 1207 branching of, 1261 man-made, 1198 Nuclear reactors, 1208, 1225, 1227, 1238, 1260, 1321, 1357 Nuclear shells, 1307, 1327 Nuclear structure, 1260 neutrons and, 1245 Nucleic acids, 663, 770, 833, 842, 980, 1282, 1331 analysis of, 1498 bacteriophage and, 1341 composition of, 1291 fife and, 1355, 1406 nucleotide analysis of, 1426 synthesis of, 1293 virus and, 1337, 1355 Nuclein, 770, 842 Nucleoplasm, 768 Nucleoprotein, 842, 1282 Nucleotides, 980, 1278, 1331 abiogenic formation of, 1457 Nucleus (atomic), charge on, 1121, 1150 magnetic field of, 1296 shape of, 1420, 1450, 1471 structure of, 1150, 1307, 1323 Nucleus (cell), 403, 538, 600 Numbers, algebraic, 641 complex, 944 imaginary, 545 irrational, 7, 26, 40, 641, 688, 772 rational, 772 real, 772 theory of, 415 transcendental, 358, 555, 641, 826 transfinite, 772 Nutation, 258 Nutrition, 438 Nylon, 1058, 1190, 1354 Oberon, 321 Oblate spheroid, 270 Ocean, 548 floor of, 1303, 1304 life in the depths of, 682 primordial temperatures of, 1164 Ocean currents, 397 Ocean depths, 1050 Oceanography, 548 Ockham’s razor, 109 Octane rating, 966 Oersted, 417 Oersted, Anders, 417 Ohm, 461
Ohm’s law, 461, 520 Oil (see Petroleum) Olberia, 372 Olbers’ comet, 372 Olbers’ paradox, 372
Oleic acid, 448 Olybrius, 71 Omega-meson, 1395 Omega-minus particle, 1487 Omicron Ceti, 167 On Aggression, 1271 On the Consolation of Philosophy, 71 On the Motive Power of Fire, 497 On the Origin of Species, 554, 624, 636, 638, 656, 659, 802 9 2 6
INDEX Open-hearth method, 644 Operations research, 481 Ophthalmology, 605 Ophthalmometer, 631 Ophthalmoscope, 481, 631 Opium, 131, 208, 437 Opsin, 1318 Optical activity, 787, 829, 960, 991 Optical inversion, 928 Optical isomers, 642 Optical masers, 1400 Optical pumping, 1252
Optic nerves, 522 Optics, 40, 85, 169
Orangutan, 276 Orbitals, 1191 Orbits, planetary, 341, 358, 415 shapes of, 169 Organic acid, 668 Organic analysis, 514, 532 Organic chemistry, 440, 674 Organic compounds, 515 properties of, 601 structure of, 514, 553, 829 synthesis of, 674, 734 Organisms, classification of, 29, 213 Organizers, embryo, 981 Organometallic compounds, 655 Organ transplantation, 1016 Origin of Life on Earth, The, 1171 Orinoco River, 397 Orion nebula, 180, 215, 646 radial motion of, 879 Orthobenzoyl sulfimide, 781 Orthogenesis, 598 Ortho-hydrogen, 1245 Oscar II (King, Sweden), 847 Oscillograph, 808 Osmium, 890 discovery of, 375 Osmosis, 542, 547, 773 Osmotic pressure, 773, 894 Ossietzky, Karl von, 1183 Otto n (Holy Roman Emperor), 84 Otto engine, 694, 886 Outlines of Astronomy, 479 Outside the Earth, 880 Ovary, 42, 228 Overpopulation, 1266 Overtones, 631 Oxaloacetic acid, 1167, 1231 Oxygen, 580 atomic weight of, 412, 760 combustion and, 334 density of, 760 discovery of, 312, 329 enzymes and, 1113 isotopes of, 1164, 1178, 1385 liquid, 623, 698, 758, 759, 760 tissue respiration and, 1089 Oxygen debt, 1095 Oxygen-16, 1178 Oxygen-17, 1178 Oxygen-18, 1178, 1385 Oxy-hydrogen blowpipe, 428 Oxytocin, 1239 amino acid arrangement of, 1426 Ozone, 580 discovery of, 510 liquid, 759 upper atmosphere and, 962 Pacific Ocean, 128 exploration of, 300 naming of, 130 moon and, 777 Packing fraction, 1022, 1051 Paleontology, 396, 519 Palladium, 547, 856 discovery of, 388 Pallas, 372, 388 Palmitic acid, 448 Panama Canal, 822, 853 Pancreas, 578 insulin production by, 1152 structure of, 791 secretions of, 954 Pancreatic juice, 560, 725 Pangaea, 1071 Panthalassa, 1071 Pantothenic acid, 1221, 1240 Paper, 63 photographic, 931 Paper chromatography, 1291, 1350, 1361, 1394, 1406, 1426 Parachute, 122, 309, 362 Paraffin, 1150 Para-hydrogen, 1245 Parallax, 50 spectroscopic, 1045 Paramagnetism, 1000, 1165, 1178 Paranoia, 749 Parapsychology, 1182 Parasitology, 517, 640 Parathyroid glands, 539, 1305 Parathormone, 1305 Parity, conservation of, 1260, 1451, 1473 Parkinson’s disease, 365, 1456
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