Table 1.
Factors affecting listening mentioned in literature.
Factor(s)
Specific area of study
Authors
1. Phonological
Sounds, distinguishing words
Guilbert [1], Yeldham [2], Vandergrift&Baker [3],
Ableeva [4], Rost [5], Celce-Murcia et al. [6]
Word boundaries
Buck [7], Yeldham [2], Field [8, 9], Richards [10]
Connected speech
Veselovska [11]
Accented speech (foreign
accent or dialects)
Adank et al. [12], Romero-Rivas et al. [13, 14], Van
Engen&Peelle [15], Ockey et al. [16]
Speed of input
Buck [7]
Stress, intonation
none
2. Linguistic
Vocabulary knowledge
Yeldham [2], Gruba [17], Poelmans [18],
Vandergrift&Baker [3], Bang&Hiver [19]
Grammar knowledge
Andriga et al [20], Bang&Hiver [19]
Syntax analysis
Oh [21], Jarvella [22]
3. Cognitive
Strategy instruction
Cross [23]
Short term memory
Andriga et al. [20], Brunfaut&Revesz [24],
Rasskazova et al. [25]
Speed of information
processing
Rost [5]
The role of L1
Edele&Stanat [26], Intartaglia et al. [27]
General level of literacy both
in L1 and L2
Vandergrift&Baker [3]
Metacognitive knowledge
Cross [28], Vandergrift&Baker [3], Wang [29]
Predicting meaning based on
pragmatics
Becker [30]
Number of listenings before
tasks
Ruhm et al. [31]
Ability to concentrate
Wolfgramm et al. [32]
Teaching listening strategies
Lynch [33], Field [8, 34], Buck [7], Gilbert [1],
Brown&Hilferty [35], Yeldham [2], Siegel [36], Nix [37]
Predicting meaning based on
high frequency words
Matthews&Cheng [38]
6 factors: text, environment,
channel of perception,
relevance, listener and
speaker and the task
Chang et al. [39]
0657
Internal translation
none
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