11. Government and Society
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What governments can do
Governments provide public services like healthcare and education.
They support people who are living in poverty or unable to work.
Governments raise money by taxing working people.
They can spend money on resources and campaigns.
They can introduce new laws.
They can impose taxes.
They can raise people’s awareness of issues (e.g. climate change/healthy eating).
They can influence people’s habits and opinions.
They can create jobs.
They can regulate the activities of companies such as banks.
They can provide resources for schools.
They are also responsible for the security and well-being of their citizens.
They control armed forces and police forces.
Public Services
Governments pay the salaries of public sector workers like police officers and teachers.
The necessary money is raised by taxing people’s income.
Free education and healthcare may be provided by the state.
Some governments control public transport systems and even TV channels.
In other countries, these services are provided by private companies.
Some people believe that competition between private companies is good.
It helps to improve quality while bringing prices down.
Other people think that essential services should be free.
Governments should pay for them.
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