International Trade: Jumayev Zuhriddin


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Jumayev Z

Export Subsidy

Product Standards

  • A type of “hidden” trade barrier
  • Types of standards
    • Product safety
    • Content
    • Packaging

Trade Agreements

  • General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) and World Trade Organization (WTO)
  • Regional trade agreements

GATT

  • “Provisional” agreement (1948 – 1994)
  • Dramatic tariff reductions were negotiated in a series of trade rounds
  • Grew from 23 to 123 countries

WTO

  • WTO created in the Uruguay trade round
  • Established in Geneva in 1995
  • 153 member countries
  • GATT was updated and still forms the legal framework for WTO negotiations on the goods trade

What is the WTO?

  • A negotiating forum
  • A set of rules (international agreements)
    • GATT
    • GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services)
    • TRIPS (Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights)
  • A place to settle trade disputes

Regional Trade Agreements

  • Examples include
  • Regional agreements have been praised and criticized

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