M. A. I english P. C3 & C6 Modern Linguistics title pmd

3) 
Sociolinguistics : 
Sociolinguistics is the branch of linguistics which undertakes study of 
language in relation to society. Different aspects of sociolinguistics are social 
origin of language, theories of language change, theories of languages in 
contact, social needs of language, dialects, idiolects, varieties of language, 
etc.
4) 
Stylistics :
Every individual is a special being as he differs from all others at least 
in one aspect. Same is true with the use of language by individual as well as 
group. This individual or group difference is marked as a style. The branch of 
linguistics which undertakes the study of language to explore stylistic 
elements is called stylistics. The main areas of stylistic studies are individual 
use of language, characteristics of language use, register, structures, 

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vocabulary, use of literary devices, use of complex terminology, modifications 
and alterations, etc.
Most of the literary writers use language in their own way, as per their 
training, and as per their abilities to manipulate the language for their creative 
purposes. This certainly distinguishes them from many others. These 
creative uses of the language are analysed by the stylisticians.
5) 
Neurolinguistics : 
We all know that our mind and our linguistic abilities are closely 
connected. However, everything we read or listen is stored somewhere in our 
brain. It is this storage which sends adequate words which we need while 
speaking. Our mind is never at rest. It constantly draws words from this left 
hemisphere of our brain. It means that our mind, language and brain are 
closely connected to one another. They have certain functions to perform in 
the given linguistic position. Modern linguist have undertaken study of this 
relationship under the branch neurolinguistics. Neurolinguistics is the branch 
of linguistics that researches the manner in which language is presented in 
the brain and the way it is processed by the brain.
Neurolinguistics undertakes the study of neurons and their functions 
during language processing. The left hemisphere of human brain stores all 
information related to language. It stores words, acquires structures and 
shoots adequate words. This is a very overt process. In fact, it is simply 
impossible to understand the internal working of neurons as most of the 
researchers have to study brains of dead or injured people. Neurolinguistics 
also undertakes study of certain spoken disorders such as ‘stutter’, ‘aphasia’, 
‘amnesia’, ‘agrammatism’ and so on. Forneurolinguiststhese disorders are 

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the result of non-functioning or malfunctioning of certain neurons in the brain. 
However, the research in the area is going on.