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Zajonc gave the drive theory of social facilitation
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Social psychology (1)
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- THE DRIVE THEORY OF SOCIAL FACILATION
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Zajonc gave the drive theory of social facilitation which propounds, the presence of others will improve when they are highly skilled. Individuals were likely to perform dominant responses in the presence of others than when alone, and their performance on various tasks was either enhanced or impaired, depending on whether the responses were correct or incorrect in each situation. The following figure illustrates the drive theory of Social Facilitation. THE DRIVE THEORY OF SOCIAL FACILATION : Presence of others; audience or spectators If dominant responses are correct in the present situation Enhanced tendency to perform dominant responses Performance is enhanced If dominant responses are incorrect in the present situation Performance is impaired Heightened arousal 17 SOCIAL LOAFING AND OTHER TOPICS When you read this unit you will be able to:- • Understand social loafing. • Distinguish between cooperation and conflict. • Comprehend perceived fairness in group. • Understand the process of decision making in the group. In the social psychology of groups, social loafing is the phenomenon of people making less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when they work alone. This is viewed as one of the main reasons as to why groups are sometimes less productive than the combined performance of their members working as individuals. The main explanation for social loafing is that people feel unmotivated when working with a team, because they think that their contributions will not be evaluated or considered. According to the results of a meta-analysis study, social loafing is a pervasive phenomenon, but it does not occur when team members feel that the task or the team itself is important. It can occur when the person feels under appreciated within their team or group. Social loafing occurs in a group situation in which the presence of others causes relaxation instead of arousal. When individuals relax their performance, they are able to fade into the crowd, which is especially appealing to people when they know they are not going to be accountable for their actions or performance. In easier, less demanding tasks, such as singing happy birthday or giving applause, one is likely to exert less effort due to the concept of diffusion of responsibility. This occurs when people think that they can “get a free ride” because someone else will surely pick up the slack. Social loafing is associated with poor performance on easy tasks. However, people tend to exert more effort on challenging or rewarding tasks. If a group is completing a task for some kind of reward, such as money or a good grade, then members are more likely to try harder. Generally, a greater reward results in more motivation to perform well, and therefore, more effort. People will |
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