Prof Ashurova D. U., associate professor Normurodova N. Z. Course of lectures

Newspaper style. 
The newspaper style is a system of language means that serves the purpose of 
informing the reader. It is subdivided into: 
1. Brief news items and communiqués (intended for immediate publication or 
broadcast usually from authoritative sources) 
2. Press reports (parliamentary, summit, presidential etc.) 
3. Articles purely informational in character 
4. Advertisements and announcements 
This style is characterised by the extensive use of: 

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1. Special political and economic terms: president, General Assembly, 
constitution, market economy, negotiations); 2. Newspaper clichés: e.g. danger of war, 
vital issue, to pay a visit; 3. Abbreviations: e.g. UNO, NATO, PM; 4. Neologisms: e.g. 
netbook, hypermilers, Korea's Pentagon (Ministry of Defense);
5. Nominal groups 
(constructions): e.g. attributive noun groups: a dusk-to-dawn curfew for the entire city; 
6. Language periphrasis: e.g. White House, Downing Str.; 7. Short (midget) words: e.g. 
aid, ban, boost, aim, link; 8. Converted phrases (conversion of verbal phrases into 
nouns): e.g. a sit-in, a run-off; 9. Foreign words and barbarisms: e.g. persona non 
grata, status quo, coup d’etat. 
Scientific style. 
The main function is to prove a hypothesis, to create new concepts, to disclose the 
internal laws of development, existence, relations between different phenomena, etc.
It is subdivided into: 1) humanitarian sciences; 2) exact sciences; 3) popular 
scientific prose. 
The most typical linguistic features are as following: 1) logical sequence of 
utterances; 2) the use of terms specific to each branch of science; 3) the use of words in 
their primary and direct meaning; 4) the use of quotations and references; 5) Postulatory 
(self-evident and needing no proof), argumentative and formulative sentences (patterns). 
6) footnotes are digressive in character; 7) Impersonality of writing (revealed in a 
frequent use of passive constructions): It must be assumed/pointed out/emphasised.