Tense degan atama bilan ifodalanadi. Macmillian English Dictionary for Advanced Learners lug'atida zamon, ya'ni tense

working
He/she/it will not be (won't)
working
Will
he/she/it
be
working?
We/you/they will be
working
We/you/they will not be (won't)
working
Will we/you/they be
working?
Qoʻllanish holatlari:
1. Kelajakda aniq bir vaqtda davom etib turgan ish-harakatni bildiradi.

At this time next week I will be swimming in the Black Sea.

What will you be doing at this time tomorrow?
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
He will be sleeping at 8 oʻclock this evening.
2. Kelajakdagi shaxsiy rejalarni bildirish yoki birovning rejalari haqida soʻrash uchun ham
qoʻllanilishi mumkin.

I'll be going to the city centre later. Can I get you anything? (Men birozdan keyin shahar
markaziga oʻtaman. Sizga biror narsa olib kelaymi?)

Will you be passing the post-office when you go out?
- Yes, why?
Eslatma: Bu zamonda eng qoʻpol xato be yordamchi fe'lining tushirib qoldirib qolishdir.
F
UTURE
P
ERFECT
T
ENSE
Kelajak zamon tugallangan fe'li kelajak zamonda biror-bir vaqtga borib tugallanadigan ish-
harakatni bildiradi.
Qoʻllanish shakli:
Positive form
Negative form
Question form
I will have worked/gone
I will not have worked/gone
Will I have worked/gone?
He/she/it
will
have
worked/gone
He/she/it will not have
worked/gone
Will he/she/it have
worked/gone?
We/you/they will have
worked/gone
We/you/they will not have
worked/ gone
Will we/you/they have
worked/gone?
Qoʻllanish holatlari:
1. by … + [kelasi zamondagi payt ravishi] bilan:

I will have written this book by the end of May. (Men bu kitobni may oxirigacha yozib
boʻlaman.)

Mrs. and Mr.Johnson will have been married for 25 years next year.

They will have produced 200,000 cars by the year 2018.
2. by the time + [kelajakdagi ish-harakat] bilan qoʻllaniladi.

We will have checked all the passengers by the time the police come.

Will you have done the housework before we go out?
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F
UTURE
S
IMPLE
T
ENSE VA
F
UTURE
P
ERFECT
T
ENSE NING FARQLANISHI
Future simple tense (oddiy kelasi zamon)
kelajakdagi sodir boʻladigan, tugallanmagan ish-
harakatni bildiradi.

They will begin to produce this car next
year.

We will do the final test in May.
Future perfect simple (tugallangan kelasi
zamon) esa kelajakda ma'lum bir vaqtga
borib tugallanadigan ish-harakatni bildiradi.

They will have produced 200,000
cars by the end of the year.

We will have done the test by the
end of May.
F
UTURE
P
ERFECT
C
ONTINUOUS
T
ENSE
Mazkur zamon kelajakda muayyan bir vaqtgacha ma'lum muddat davom etib turadigan ish-harakat uchun
qoʻllaniladi. Gapda ish-harakat qancha muddat davom etishi koʻrsatiladi.
Qoʻllanish shakli:
Positive form
Negative form
Question form
I will have been working
I will not have been working
Will I have been working?
He/she/it will have been
working
He/she/it will not have been
working
Will he/she/it have been
working?
We/you/they will have been
working
We/you/they will not have been
working
Will we/you/they have been
working?
Qoʻllanish holatlari:
1. by … + [kelasi zamon payt ravishi] bilan:

My mother will have been working as a teacher for ten years by 2017.

On Saturday we will have been living in this house for 30 years.

Next year I will have been working in the company for 5 years.
2. by the time+[kelajakdagi ish-harakat] bilan:

I will have been watching TV for four hours by the time Dilshod comes.
Eslatma: Ingliz tilidagi holatni bildiruvchi fe'llar, ya'ni know/have/like/want va hakozolar Future perfect
continuous da emas, Future perfect simple da qoʻllaniladi.

I will have known Jack for ten years next year.

They will have been married for six year next year.
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Modal fe'llarning umumiy qoidalari
Ingliz tilida modal fe'llar deb asosiy fe'lga qoʻshimcha ma'no yuklaydigan yordamchi fe'llarga aytiladi.
Masalan: can modal fe'li asosiy fe'lga qila olmoq ma'nosini qoʻshadi.

I swim. (Men suzaman.)

I can swim. (Men suza olaman.)
Modal fe'llarning koʻpchiligi shaxslarga qarab oʻzgarmaydi. Masalan : can, could, may, might, must,
should, ought to modal fe'llari shu qatorga kiradi.

I can speak five languages and he can speak five languages.

You must see the doctor and they must see the doctor.
Modal fe'llarning koʻpchiligi hozirgi zamonda fe'lning birinchi shakli (run, read, be..) bilan toʻg'ridan toʻg'ri
birikadi, ya'ni asosiy fe'l oldidan to qoʻllanilmaydi. Masalan: can, could, may, might, must, should, needn't
modal fe'llari shu fe'llar qatorga kiradi.

They may go to Italy for their holiday next week.

My grandfather could swim 3 kilometers at a time.
Ammo have to, ought to, need to modal fe'llarida to yuklamasi mavjud.

I have to/ought to study hard for the exams.
Modal fe'llar yordamchi fe'llar boʻlgani uchun gapni boʻlishsiz qilish uchun not soʻzi ularga qoʻshiladi.
Soʻroq gap hosil qilish uchun ham modal fe'llarning oʻzi qoʻllaniladi. Masalan: can, could, may, might, must,
should, ought to modal fe'llari shu qatorga kiradi.

She can't even boil an egg, she is so helpless at cooking.

You shouldn't tell off the students at the presence of their parents.

Must you go so soon? You should stay a little longer.

May I come in? Yes, please do.
Ammo have to modal fe'lining soʻroq shakli va boʻlishsiz shakllari do/does/did yordamchi fe'llari bilan
yasaladi.

Do you have to get up early in the morning?

She doesn't have to buy eggs.

Why did you have to leave the party early last night?
CAN
/
COULD
/
BE ABLE TO
+V
1
can modal fe'li hozirgi zamonda biror ish qilishga qobiliyat yoki imkoniyat borligini bildiradi.

Look ! I can play football quite well. (Qarang, men futbolni ancha yaxshi oʻynay olaman.)
Positive form
Negative form
Question form
Ega+ can+V
1
Ega+can not (can't)+V
1
Can+Ega+V
1
?

I can't swim so I can't come to the pool with you.

She can't translate the text, she doesn't know Spanish.

Can you read music?
- No, I can't.
can modal fe'li ba'zan kelajak zamondagi payt ravishlari bilan qoʻllanishi ham mumkin. Bunday
vaziyatlarda can imkoniyat/ruxsat ma'nosida qoʻllaniladi.

He can't (won't be able to) come to the party tomorrow. (U ertaga ziyofatga kelolmaydi.)
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Kelajakda biror ishni qila olish qobiliyatini ifodalash uchun esa will be able to+V
1
shakli qoʻllaniladi.

The baby will be able to walk in a few weeks. (Chaqaloq bir necha haftadan keyin yurib ketadi.)
could -/kəd/ modal fe'li oʻtgan zamonda biror ish qilishga qobiliyat yoki imkoniyat boʻlganligini bildiradi.
Positive form
Negative form
Question form
Ega+ could+V
1
Ega+could not (couldn't)+V
1
Could+Ega+V
1
?

He could read when he was only four.

I couldn't understand the people when I came here last year because I didn't know the language.

Could you write when you were five?
Yuqoridagi ma'nolarda can/could modal fe'llarining vazifadoshi sifatida be able to+V
1
qurilmasini
qoʻllashimiz mumkin.

I can't speak Spanish =I am not able to speak Spanish.

I couldn't understand = I wasn't able to understand.
Biroq can, could modal fe'llari yuqoridagi ma'nolarda faqat hozirgi zamonda va oʻtgan zamonda qoʻllana
oladi, boshqa zamonlarda va ba'zi bir fe'llardan keyin be able to +V
1
qurilmasi qoʻllanishi lozim.
Future Simple
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Ega+ will be able to+V
1
Ega+have/has been able to+V
1
Ega+had been able to+V
1

He will be able to walk in a few days.

I haven't been able to sleep recently.

I had been able to finish the task before the committee came.
Eslatma: Boshqa modal fe'llardan keyin ham faqat be able to+V
1
qurilmasi qoʻllaniladi:
Ega+ may/might/should/must/used to+be able to +V
1

I used to be able to stand on my head.

He may be able to come to the party.
Oʻzidan keyin fe'lning gerund yoki infinitive shaklini talab qiladigan ba'zi fe'llardan keyin ham faqat be
able to +V
1
qurilmasi qoʻllaniladi:

I enjoy being able to understand the language of animals.

I would like to be able to fly.
Oʻtgan zamonda could+V
1
shakli va was/were able to +V
1
bir-biridan ancha farq qiladi.
could+V
1
shakli oʻtgan zamonda mavjud boʻlgan umumiy qobiliyatni bildiradi.

My grandfather could speak five languages.

Tom could run 100 meters in 13 seconds when he was 16.
was/were able to + V
1
muayyan vaziyatlarda uddasidan chiqmoq degan ma'nolarda qoʻllaniladi. Gap
mazmunidan muayyan vaziyat ekanligi koʻrinib turadi.

The fire spread fast but everybody was able to escape in time. (managed to escape)

The manager wasn't in but I was able to contact him in the shop. (managed to contact)
Yuqorida berilgan farq faqat gaplar boʻlishli boʻlgan holatlardagina amal qiladi. Vaziyat (gap) boʻlishsiz
boʻlsa har ikkala holatda ham couldn't+V
1
shakli qoʻllanilgani ma'qul.

My grandfather couldn't speak any foreign languages.

As the manager was out and I couldn't contact him on time.
Koʻpchilik sezish, bilish ma'nolarini beruvchi fe'llar ham muayyan vaziyat boʻlsada, oʻtgan zamonda could
modal fe'li bilan qoʻllangani ma'qul. Bu fe'llar quyidagilardir:
feel hear
believe remember
see smell
decide understand
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
I looked carefully and I could see a figure in the distance.

He spoke very quickly but I could understand him.

We could smell something burning when we came into the room.
COULD
(2) (
COULD HAVE DONE
/
COULDN
'
T HAVE DONE
)
could modal fe'li hozirgi va kelasi zamon uchun ham qoʻllana oladi. Bunday vaziyatlarda could +V