Variant 1 You could have come first and won the race if you … faster

19. The author points out that many years ago, ...
A) Europeans were doing their best to own as much of African lands as they could.
B) the French fought against the Moroccans who yielded to the enemy immediately.
C) It was too hard for Europeans to fight against Africans.
D) Khartoum won a major victory against Britain’s General Kitchner.
20. According to the passage, the word UNFETTERED probably means ...
A) emancipated from restraint. B) colonized by a stronger nation.
C) held as a slave by another country. D) forced to march from one place to another.
21. As it is implied in the passage ...
A) Up to day Africans are completely weighed down by European countries.
B) hard struggle proceeded Africans' freedom.
C) Africans abandoned the struggle for freedom.
D) Africa’s history provides a firm foundation for the steady growth.
22. According to the passage Africans were subjugated by Europeans approximately ...
A) at the beginning of the thirteenth century B) in the middle of the fifteenth century.
C) in the middle of the fourteenth century. D) at the end of the sixteenth century.


Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American author and humorist. Among his writings are The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its Sequel, “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” (1885), the latter often called "The Great American Novel”. After several years of wandering around in the eastern part of the United States, supporting himself as a printer and with his writing, Samuel Clemens returned to the Mississippi River to realize his old ambition of becoming a steamboat pilot. In 1857, after 18 month-old apprenticeship, he earned his pilot's license, and for the next four years he steamed up and down the Mississippi getting to know the name and position of every feature on the river. In addition, he learnt the special language used on the steamboats, where the phrase "mark twain" meant the water was deep enough to be safe. He used his knowledge of the river and his experiences there later when he wrote his most famous novel. "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" under his pen name, Mark Twain.