Филология ф акультеті «Ағылшын филологиясы» кафедрасы

Links of Lexicology with Other Branches of Linguistics. Lexicology and Sociolinguistics. It is a matter of common knowledge that the vocabulary of any language is never stable, never static, but is constantly changing, growing and decaying. The changes in the vocabulary of a language are due both to linguistic and extralinguistic causes or to a combination of both.
Connection of Lexicology with Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Stylistics. The extralinguistic causes are determined by the social nature of the language. In this respect there is a tremendous difference between Lexicology, on the one hand, and Phonology, Morphology and Syntax, on the other. Words, to a far greater degree than sounds, grammatical forms, or syntactical arrangements, are subject to change, for the word-stock of a language directly and immediately reacts to changes in social life, to whatever happens in the life of the speech community in question. To illustrate the immediate connection between the development of vocabulary and the extra-linguistic causes a few examples will suffice.
The intense development of science and technology has lately given birth to a great number of new words such as computer, cyclotron, radar, psycholinguistics, etc.; the conquest and research of outer space started by people contributed words like sputnik, lunokhod, babymoon, moon-car, spaceship, etc. It is significant that the suffix -nik occurring in the noun sputnik is freely applied to new words of various kinds, e.g. flopnik, mousenik, woofnik, etc.
From the above-adduced examples it follows that in contrast with Phonology, Morphology and Syntax, Lexicology is essentially a sociolinguistic science. The lexicologist should always take into account correlations between purely linguistic facts and the underlying social facts which brought them into existence, and its research should be based on establishing scientifically grounded interrelation and points of contact which have come into existence between the language and the social life of the speech community in question.
Meaning, connotations, synonymy, fuctional differential of vocabulary. Lexicology studies various lexical units: morphemes, words, variable word-groups and phraseological units. We proceed from the assumption that the word is the basic unit of language system: on the morphologic and on the syntactic sides of linguistic analysis. So, the word is a structural and semantic entity within the language system.
So, Modern English Lexicology aims at giving a systematic description of the word-stock of Modern English. Words, their component parts — morphemes — and various types of word-groups, are subjected to structural and semantic analysis primarily from the synchronic angle. In other words, Modern English Lexicology investigates the problems of word-structure and word-formation in Modern English, the semantic structure of English words, the main principles underlying the classification of vocabulary units into various groupings the laws governing the replenishment of the vocabulary with new vocabulary units.
It also studies the relations existing between various lexical layers of the English vocabulary and the specific laws and regulations that govern its development at the present time. The source and growth of the English vocabulary, the changes it has undergone in its history are also dwelt upon, as the diachronic approach revealing the vocabulary in the making cannot but contribute to the understanding of its workings at the present time.
It has now become a tradition to include in a Course of Lexicology a short section dealing with Lexicography, the science and art of dictionary compiling.

1. 
   Semasiology and semantic classifications of words;
   

1. 
   Word-groups and phraseological units;
   

2. 
   Word-structure;
   
3. 
   Word-formation;
   
4. 
   Etymological survey of the English word-stock;
   
5. 
   Various aspects of vocabulary units and replenishment of Modern English word-stock;
   
6. 
   Variants and dialects of Modern English;
   
7. 
   Fundamentals of English Lexicography;
   
8. 
   Methods and Procedures of Lexicological Analysis.