Final Assessment Questions on “Theoretical phonetics” Card-1 Connection of Phonetics with Other Sciences

2.Main historical events of Middle English Period. The major events that define the Middle English Period are at the cusp of the era, the Norman Conquest of England in 1066 and marking the close of the time was the arrival of printing in Britain and the English Reformation. The major events that define the Middle English Period are at the cusp of the era, the Norman Conquest of England in 1066 and marking the close of the time was the arrival of printing in Britain and the English Reformation. HISTORICAL EVENTS Middle English (1100-circa 1500 AD): 2 (summary) In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors (called the Normans) brought with them a kind of French, which became the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. For a period there was a kind of linguistic class division, where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French. In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added. This language is called Middle English. It was the language of the great poet Chaucer (c1340-1400), but it would still be difficult for native English speakers to understand today. 3 The Norman Invasion ( The end of the Anglo-Saxon period was ended with the Norman French invasion under William the Conqueror in 1066 at the Battle of Hastings. William, The Duke of Normandy, sailed across the British Channel. He challenged King Harold of England in the struggle for the English throne. After winning the Battle of Hastings where he defeated Harold, William was crowned King of England. A Norman Kingdom was now established. The Anglo-Saxon period was over. After William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, invaded and conquered England in 1066 AD with his armies and became king, he brought his nobles, who spoke French, to be the new government. The Old French took over as the language of the court, administration, and culture. Latin was mostly used for written language, especially that of the Church. Meanwhile, The English language, as the language of the now lower class, was considered a vulgar tongue. French became the language of the upper class; Anglo-Saxon of the lower class 5 By about 1200, England and France had split. English changed a lot, because it was mostly being spoken instead of written for about 300 years. The use of Old English came back, but with many French words added. This language is called Middle English. Most of the words embedded in the English vocabulary are words of power, such as crown, castle, court, parliament, army, mansion, gown, beauty, banquet, art, poet, romance, duke, servant, and governor.