Final-biogas report2 2008
UPEI Department of Engineering
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Biogas-Report-Final
UPEI Department of Engineering
550 University Avenue Charlottetown PEI C1A 4P3 Page 19 of 55 Digester Tank and Heating System Digesting this mixture of undiluted manure and straw could be done effectively in a plug flow rector tank. Plug flow systems are simple to build, require no complex internal parts, and can handle a widely varied mixture of manure and straw. They typically operate at mesophilic temperatures between 35-40C. The gas yield from these type of digesters may not be as high as more advanced digesters, but they are commonly used in farm installations. The retention time is comparatively long, but given the simplicity of plug flow digesters, this solution would be suitable for on-farm operation with little attention from the farmer. For a detailed description of different digesters see Appendix A. Tank Size Rough sizing of the digester is accomplished by multiplying the volumetric flow rate of manure by the desired substrate retention time. We have assumed that 50 kg/cow-day as a reasonable standard manure supply rate [9]. For a model 60 milking cow dairy farm, this means a manure rate of 3.1 m 3 per day having a minimal component of straw bedding. The desired retention time is not absolute. It is a balance between yield and cost; both increase with digester capacity, but at different rates. Based on researched cases of mesophilic plug flow digesters, 20 days is a good target; it seems to be the most common design retention time for plug flow digesters, including the Haubenschild digester, and published operational retention times seldom differ by more than a few days. [30] . In both dairy farms we studied, the manure storage building is a covered rectangular concrete tank. Locating the digester inside or adjacent to the existing manure storage structure makes use of the existing manure pipe, reduces construction costs, and provides added thermal insulation thanks to the enclosed roof. Using this 20-day as a guide, the approximate size of a digester tank for our example farm would be 75m 3 , or 2.5m wide by 2m deep by 15 m long (or 8ft wide by 7ft deep by 50 feet long). A tank of this size could be accommodated inside of one of the existing manure storage barns on either SandyRae Farm or Pleasant Valley Farms with room to spare. Manure composition and co-substrate content can change the optimum retention time. The optimum retention time is influenced by organic loading rate, measured as the rate of volatile solids added to the digester per unit of digester capacity. For pure cow manure the recommended loading rate is 2.5-3.5 kg VS/m3-day and with the addition of co-substrates it is 5- 7 kg VS/m3-day [3]. Careful consideration should be given to the future plans of the farm in question when deciding on digester capacity. |
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