Final control questions on the subject “heat engineering” The purpose and function of the subject. Working parameter. Status parameters. Base words and phrases


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11. Thermodynamic processes. 
 
Base words and phrases: Isobar, isochor, isothermal processes, equation, diagram 
1. Isochoric process 
 
An example of an isochoric process is the heating or cooling of a gas in a closed 
container. 
A process that takes place at a constant volume is called an isochoric process (d =0, 
or =const). A process curve is called an isochore. Figure 6.1 shows P - and Ts- 
diagrams of the process. 
Equation of state of an ideal gas: 
P

=RT dan 
v=const four 
P/T = R/

=f(

)=const 
In an isochoric process, the ratio of pressures is equal to the ratio of absolute 
temperatures, that is, the change in pressure is directly proportional to the change 
in absolute temperature in this process. 
P
1
/P
2
=T
1
/T
2
(6.1) 


 
Figure 6.1. Pv - and Ts - diagrams of changes in gas state in an isochoric process 
2. Isobaric process 
Thermodynamic processes that take place under constant pressure are called 
isobaric processes (P=const). The graph of the process is depicted in Figure 6.2. A 
process curve is called an isobar. We write the state equations of the process for 
bothcases: 
P
1

1
=RT
1
; P
2

2
=RT
2
P=const for 

1
/

2
=T
1
/T
2
(6.7) 
It follows that the higher the gas temperature, the greater its specific volume (that 
is, the lower its density). 
In an isobaric process, the work of expansion of the system is determined as follows:
)
(
1
2
2
1
2
1










p
d
р
pd
v
v
v
v
p

(6.8) 
or 
Т
R
T
T
R
p




)
(
1
2

(6.9) 
The last equation shows that if 

T=1 then p=R. 

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