Fiscal institute under the state tax committee

FISCAL INSTITUTE UNDER THE STATE TAX COMMITTEE
“International Taxes and Taxation” faculty
SOP-01-21
“Successful Business Organizations in the Japan”
Sadullayev Sayfullo

TASHKENT 2022
Anime (from English animation - "animation") - Japanese animation. Unlike cartoons in other countries, which are mainly intended for viewing by children, most of the produced anime is designed for teenage and adult audiences, and in many respects due to this it has a high popularity in the world. Anime is distinguished by a characteristic manner of drawing characters and backgrounds. It is published in the form of television series, as well as films distributed on video media or intended for film screening. Plots can describe many characters, differ in a variety of places and eras, genres and styles.
Sources for the plot of anime series are most often: manga (Japanese comics), light novel (light novel) or computer games (usually in the "visual novel" genre). A film adaptation usually retains the graphic style and other features of the original. Less commonly used are other sources, such as works of classical literature. There are also anime that have a completely original plot (in this case, the anime itself can serve as a source for creating book and manga versions of it). The meaning of the term "anime" may vary depending on the context. In Western countries, anime is the object of research by cultural scientists, sociologists and anthropologists - Eri Izawa, Scott Macleod, Susan Napier, Sharon Kinsella and others.
Today, not every person will look at anime as a serious business. But if you pay attention to the past, you can find out a lot of information about how anime saved Japan from the crisis in the 80s and 90s. In 1973, Japan's inflation rate was 18.33%, 12.76% more than the previous year, 1972, and 2.79% less than the following year, 1974. It was during this period that Japan gradually began to release manga. Manga is the paperback form of modern anime. Same as comics. First they write comics, and then they make films like Marvel and others. Closer to the 80-90-th, anime became popular not only domestically, but also in Western countries too. 1980-th is called the "Golden Age of Anime". More and more people became interested in manga and anime every day, and on the Internet, the word "anime" ranked 41st in terms of popularity and search query. To create anime, very talented people are hired who are ready to make every effort to make the series one of the most popular in the world in the future. Anime is one of the serious types of business. Let me give you an example, one episode of the anime "Naruto" was sold for more than $50.000, which is more expensive than one episode of the famous series "Doctor House". Experienced directors themselves admitted that it is much more difficult to release cartoons or multi-series than to make a movie or TV series. Of course, depending on the genre and popularity, different works bring different profits, but nevertheless. Before starting to create an anime, animators pay attention to how popular the manga was. If the manga is very popular and there is demand, then the animators immediately start creating anime. Creating anime is laborious and expensive work, unlike drawing manga. It is necessary to hire experienced specialists, draw very carefully, find suitable sounds for dubbing and other little things. After the animator is convinced that the series is ready, it will immediately go to check for violations and other errors, and then to television screens.
There are over 430 anime studios in Japan. The largest of them include Bones, Gainax, Gonzo, Madhouse, Studio Pierrot, Toei Animation, etc. In order to increase the efficiency of working on complex projects, the studios sometimes work together. If anime claims to be world famous, then its release is almost always accompanied by the release of various related products: toys, clothing items with images of characters, etc. It is the sale of related products that often brings producers more profit than directly anime rental.
Today, not every person will look at anime as a serious business. But if you pay attention to the past, you can find out a lot of information about how anime saved Japan from the crisis in the 80s and 90s. In 1973, Japan's inflation rate was 18.33%, 12.76% more than the previous year, 1972, and 2.79% less than the following year, 1974. It was during this period that Japan gradually began to release manga. Manga is the paperback form of modern anime. Same as comics. First they write comics, and then they make films like Marvel and others. Closer to the 80-90-th, anime became popular not only domestically, but also in Western countries too. 1980-th is called the "Golden Age of Anime". More and more people became interested in manga and anime every day, and on the Internet, the word "anime" ranked 41st in terms of popularity and search query. To create anime, very talented people are hired who are ready to make every effort to make the series one of the most popular in the world in the future. Anime is one of the serious types of business. Let me give you an example, one episode of the anime "Naruto" was sold for more than $50.000, which is more expensive than one episode of the famous series "Doctor House". Experienced directors themselves admitted that it is much more difficult to release cartoons or multi-series than to make a movie or TV series. Of course, depending on the genre and popularity, different works bring different profits, but nevertheless. Before starting to create an anime, animators pay attention to how popular the manga was. If the manga is very popular and there is demand, then the animators immediately start creating anime. Creating anime is laborious and expensive work, unlike drawing manga. It is necessary to hire experienced specialists, draw very carefully, find suitable sounds for dubbing and other little things. After the animator is convinced that the series is ready, it will immediately go to check for violations and other errors, and then to television screens.

There are over 430 anime studios in Japan. The largest of them include Bones, Gainax, Gonzo, Madhouse, Studio Pierrot, Toei Animation, etc. In order to increase the efficiency of working on complex projects, the studios sometimes work together. If anime claims to be world famous, then its release is almost always accompanied by the release of various related products: toys, clothing items with images of characters, etc. It is the sale of related products that often brings producers more profit than directly anime rental.

Strength
Anime differs from Western cartoons in the structure of the plot, in the first place. Western films usually use a three-act structure that originated in Greco-Roman culture (start-climax-denouement), while anime uses a four-act kishotenketsu structure (start-development-turn-end). Did you think three seasons of "Avatar" and four seasons of "Attack on Titan" were an accident? No, this is just a visual embodiment of a different plot structure.
This allows you to create very complex and unpredictable plots - in the third act, for example, the main character can suddenly turn out to be a villain, and the whole series will not be about the fight between people and zombies, but, say, about the psychological problems of children who grew up in an orphanage.
Well, in front of films, in addition to the standard advantage of animation (you can draw anything you want, while in the cinema many things will look unrealistic even in our age of computer technology), specifically anime has the most important plus - this is the ability to do the same for a penny.
I'm going to spoil watching anime forever now, beware)) Anime has developed its own method of saving animation - most episodes of any anime are a static picture, where only its individual parts move - for example, if one character moves, then our eyes are attracted to this movement, and we don't pay attention to the fact that all the other characters just froze in place. And in very difficult cases, a picture is simply put, and the camera "moves" along it, say, from the bottom up, while some kind of dialogue goes on behind the scenes. This creates the illusion of activity, although in fact we are just shown one drawing. This allows you to simply save wildly on the amount of work of animators and create very large-scale stories even with a small budget, and focus the efforts of animators on some especially important moments.
Weaknesses
Everything has its strengths and weaknesses, and anime is no exception. Despite its chic animation, drawing and other details, anime is far from allowed in all countries of the world due to the fact that anime has an age limit of 16-18 years old for viewing. Many anime use obscene scenes. To be honest, it's not quite vulgar, but still it is. Since the anime does not look like Western cartoons from companies such as Disney Pictures, Paramount Pictures, Pixar, Warner Brothers and so on, it has violent scenes where people or other members of the races kill each other. There are scenes of tearing out hearts, beheadings and cutting off other parts of the body. These are the main weaknesses of anime, because young children should watch these scenes, they can get psychologically traumatized or something. There were several tragic moments in history due to which people even killed themselves when their favorite character died in the series, but it’s definitely not worth talking about other tragic moments.
Opportunities
If we talk about the possibilities of anime, then we can list a lot of pluses. Anime makes it possible, first of all, to realize life, that not everything is as simple as it seems at first glance. I will give an example from my own life. Thanks to some more famous anime that are very popular in many countries, I took a cue from the protagonist of the series. In almost all anime, the main character's goal is not to give up and achieve their dreams. Naruto wants to be Hokage, Luffy wants to be the Pirate King and Lelouche wants to be the ruler of Britain. In the end, these main characters achieve their goal or dream, and the path they have traveled can be very difficult, but still possible. At the very beginning, it seems that the dream of the protagonist will not come true at all, but by the end of the series they prove the opposite. Anime gives you the opportunity to develop your skills, although at first glance it does not seem so, anime gives a bunch of emotions that you will not experience when watching a regular series or cartoon. From myself, I can say that the possibilities of anime are endless, although in reality it does not seem so. Well, in the end I can say: the impossible is possible.
In conclusion of this work, I want to say that anime is an art. Some people like this art, some don't like this art, but anime will remain my favorite kind of multi-series. Anime is the art of Japanese culture and it will never fall behind the trend. All the emotions and experiences that I got through anime were only for my benefit and I will never regret watching these works of art from Masashi Kishimoto, Hayao Miyazaki and others.