Fundamental tibbiyot kursi

Nazorat savollari
1. Fetal circulation. Circulation changes after birth.
2. Atrial Septal Defect (ASD).
3. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD).
4. Heart tube. Partitioning of atrium and ventricle.
5. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
6. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
7. Eisenmenger Syndrome.
8. Partitioning of Truncus Arteriosus.
9. Derivatives of pharyngeal arch arteries.
10. Acyanotic Congenital Heart Defects.
11. Fetal Shunts. Fetal circulation.
12. Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects.
13. Persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA).
14. D-transposition of the great arteries.
15. Tricuspid Atresia (TA).
16. Tetralogy of Fallot (TF).
17. Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR).
18. Ebstein’s anomaly.
19. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.
20. Pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros, Gubernaculum.
21. Bladder development. Exstrophy of the bladder.
22. Renal Ectopia. Renal Agenesis.
23. Paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts. Remnants of the mesonephric duct.
24. POTTER sequence.
25. Development of female external genitalia.
26. Uterine (Müllerian duct) anomalies.
27. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
28. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) related anomalies of uterus.
29. Mesonephric (Wolffian) duct. Remnants of the paramesonephric duct.
30. Horseshoe kidney. Supernumerary renal arteries.
31. Round ligament pain. Paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts.
32. Development of external male genitalia.
33. Renal artery stenosis.
34. Hypospadias. Epispadias.
35. Cryptorchidism. Congenital hydrocele. Spermatocele.
36. Duplex collecting system.
37. Posterior urethral valves.
38. Androgen insensitivity syndrome.
39. Nutcracker syndrome.
40. Sexual differentiation.
41. Congenital lobar emphysema. Pulmonary aplasia, hypoplasia, agenesis.
42. Screening tests for fetal lung maturity.
43. RIB, resulting by therapeutic supplemental O₂.
44. Surfactant. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS).
45. Alveolar stage of lung development.
46. Stages of lung development.
47. Duodenal Stenosis and Atresia.
48. Pyloric stenosis. Meckel diverticulum.
49. Biliary atresia. Annular pancreas.
50. Volvulus. Vitelline fistula.
51. Recanalization of GI tract. Umbilical hernia.
52. Tracheoesophageal anomalies.
53. Intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal positioning.
54. Development of liver, pancreas, spleen.
55. The foregut development.
56. The midgut development.
57. The hindgut development.
58. Esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF).
59. Hirschsprung disease.
60. Hyperplasia of pancreatic islets. Pancreas divisum.
61. Anal atresia or imperforate anus.
62. Omphalocele. Gastroschisis.
63. Periods of human development.
64. What is “in vitro fertilization”, teratology.
65. Parts of mature gamete, sperm, oocyte.
66. What is significance of meiosis and changing rate of C, N during the meiosis.
67. Stages of spermatogenesis process.
68. Stages of oogenesis process.
69. What are spermatogonia, oogonia, seminiferous tubules, ovary, lumen, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells?
70. Parts of uterus and names of inner layer of uterus.
71. Menstruation cycle.
72. What is function of testosterone, estrogen, progesterone.
73. What are follicular, zona pellucida, corona radiata, ovulation.
74. What are functions of GnRH, LH, FSH in male and female.
75. What is Down syndrome and Down syndrome signs and findings.
76. What is Edwards syndrome and Edwards syndrome signs and findings.
77. What is Patau syndrome and Patau syndrome signs and findings.
78. What is Achondroplasia and causes and appearance of Achondroplasia.
79. What is Marfan syndrome and causes and appearance of Marfan syndrome.
80. What is male infertility and causes and appearance of male infertility.
81. What is female infertility and causes and appearance of female infertility.
82. What is morula, blastocyst, corpus luteum.
83. What is fertilization and how does fertilization occur?
84. What is implantation and how does implantation occur?
85. What are functions of trophoblast, cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast.
86. What is cleaving how does cleaving occur?
87. What is twinning. Types of twinning related to chorion and amnion.
88. What is ectopic tubal pregnancy and signs and findings of its?
89. What is ectopic abdominal pregnancy and signs and findings of its?
90. What is function of HCG in pregnancy?
91. What is ectopic Hydatidiform mole and types, signs and findings of its?
92. What is choriocarcinoma?
93. What are placenta and umbilical cord?
94. What is abruptio placenta and Sheehan’s syndrome. Risk factors and signs?
95. What is vasa previa. Risk factors and signs?
96. What is placenta previa? Risk factors and signs?
97. Types of placenta abnormalities related to depth
98. Parts of primitive heart tube, cardiac looping.
99. How do form atrial, ventricle and Aorticopulmonary septum?
100. Truncus arteriosus and transposition of great vessels.
101. Tricuspid atresia and Ebstein’s anomaly
102. Tetralogy of Fallot and Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR).
103. Atrial and ventricular septal defects.
104. Eisenmenger syndrome and patent ductus arteriosus defect.
105. Fetal circulation.
106. Parts and formation of primitive gut tube.
107. Which organs develop from foregut and blood supply?
108. Which organs develop from midgut and blood supply?
109. Which organs develop from hindgut and blood supply?
110. What is recanalization, stenosis, atresia.
111. Formation of esophagus, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, spleen.
112. Formation of distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon and proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon.
113. Formation of distal third of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and proximal two-thirds of the anus.
114. Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula Clinical tests and present.
115. Pyloric stenosis, duodenal stenosis and atresia.
116. Hirschsprung disease, malrotation of midgut loop and volvulus.
117. Intussusception, SMA syndrome, rectal atresia, rectouretal fistula.
118. Annular pancreas, pancreas divisum, hyperplasia of pancreatic islets.
119. Omphalocele, Gastroschisis.
120. Umbilical hernia, vitelline fistula, Meckel diverticulum.
121. Formation of Brain Vesicles (forebrain/prosencephalon, midbrain/mesencephalon, and hindbrain/rhombencephalon).
122. Anencephaly, Schwannoma, Waardenburg syndrome (WS)
123. Neural Tube Defects (Spina bifida occulta, Meningocele, Myelomeningocele.
124. Arnold – Chiari malformation.
125. Holoprosencephaly, Dandy-Walker syndrome.
126. What Are the Pharyngeal Arches?
127. Tongue muscles, Di-George syndrome.
128. Congenital hypothyroidism (Cretinism) and 6p’s.